The Prisoners Dilemma, Memory, and the Early Evolution of Intelligence

AbstractLogistics providers have to utilize available capacities efficiently in order to cope with increasing competition and desired quality of service. One possibility to reduce idle capacity is to build coalitions with other players on the market. While the willingness to enter such coalitions does exist in the logistics industry, the success of collaborations strongly depends on mutual trust and behavior of participants. Hence, a proper mechanism design, where carriers do not have incentives to deviate from jointly established rules, is needed. We propose to use a combinatorial auction system, for which several properties are already well researched but little is known about the auction’s first phase, where carriers have to decide on the set of requests offered to the auction. Profitable selection strategies, aiming at maximization of total collaboration gains, do exist. However, the impact on individual outcomes, if one or more players deviate from jointly agreed selection rules is yet to be researched. We analyze whether participants in an auction-based transport collaboration face a Prisoners’ Dilemma. While it is possible to construct such a setting, our computational study reveals that carriers do not profit from declining the cooperative strategy. This is an important and insightful finding, since it further strengthens the practical applicability of auction-based trading mechanisms in collaborative transportation.

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Cofactors are Remnants of Life’s Origin and Early Evolution

Journal of Molecular Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00239-020-09988-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 127-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron D. Goldman ◽

Betul Kacar

Keyword(s):

Genetic Information ◽

Evolutionary Biology ◽

Active Sites ◽

Rna World ◽

Genetic System ◽

Early Evolution ◽

Modern Biology ◽

Iron Sulfur Cluster ◽

Adenosyl Methionine ◽

Precursor Rna

AbstractThe RNA World is one of the most widely accepted hypotheses explaining the origin of the genetic system used by all organisms today. It proposes that the tripartite system of DNA, RNA, and proteins was preceded by one consisting solely of RNA, which both stored genetic information and performed the molecular functions encoded by that genetic information. Current research into a potential RNA World revolves around the catalytic properties of RNA-based enzymes, or ribozymes. Well before the discovery of ribozymes, Harold White proposed that evidence for a precursor RNA world could be found within modern proteins in the form of coenzymes, the majority of which contain nucleobases or nucleoside moieties, such as Coenzyme A and S-adenosyl methionine, or are themselves nucleotides, such as ATP and NADH (a dinucleotide). These coenzymes, White suggested, had been the catalytic active sites of ancient ribozymes, which transitioned to their current forms after the surrounding ribozyme scaffolds had been replaced by protein apoenzymes during the evolution of translation. Since its proposal four decades ago, this groundbreaking hypothesis has garnered support from several different research disciplines and motivated similar hypotheses about other classes of cofactors, most notably iron-sulfur cluster cofactors as remnants of the geochemical setting of the origin of life. Evidence from prebiotic geochemistry, ribozyme biochemistry, and evolutionary biology, increasingly supports these hypotheses. Certain coenzymes and cofactors may bridge modern biology with the past and can thus provide insights into the elusive and poorly-recorded period of the origin and early evolution of life.

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Origin, early evolution and palaeoecology of Gymnopleura (Crustacea, Decapoda): Basal palaeocorystoid crabs from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous of central Europe

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ◽

10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.110176 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 110176

Author(s):

Barry W.M. van Bakel ◽

René H.B. Fraaije ◽

John W.M. Jagt ◽

Petr Skupien

Keyword(s):

Central Europe ◽

Lower Cretaceous ◽

Upper Jurassic ◽

Early Evolution

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The Analysis of Willingness to Cooperate for Farmers to Participate in Water Management Based on Game Theory

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 448-453 ◽

pp. 1002-1010

Author(s):

Cong Liu

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Game Theory ◽

Dynamic Game ◽

Collective Rationality ◽

Game Analysis ◽

Static Game ◽

Free Riders ◽

Evolution Analysis ◽

Prisoners Dilemma ◽

Willingness To Cooperate

To analyze the willingness to cooperate of farmers to participate in water management, we base on game theory and first carry on single static game analysis of willingness to cooperate for farmers to participate in water management, and find that farmers are into a Prisoners Dilemma in a single game, individual rationality comes into conflict with collective rationality, at this time farmers have a tendency to "free riders", so it is difficult to achieve cooperation between the farmers. Then trying to break the prisoners' dilemma, we carry on the farmers repeated dynamic game, the analysis is carried on in the context of incomplete information and limited rationality, we carry on game evolution analysis for willingness to cooperate for farmers to participate in water management. In order to guarantee the rationality of the study, we conduct a survey of willingness to cooperate of farmers to participate in water management in province of Zhejiang and finally confirm that the study is reasonable. And through the analysis of the full text, we conclude six important conclusions.

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