scholarly journals The rise and fall of the ancient northern pike master sex-determining gene

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaowei Pan ◽  
Romain Feron ◽  
Elodie Jouanno ◽  
Hugo Darras ◽  
Amaury Herpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Duplication Event ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Adaptive Explanation ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Independent Species

The understanding of the evolution of variable sex determination mechanisms across taxa requires comparative studies among closely related species. Following the fate of a known master sex-determining gene, we traced the evolution of sex determination in an entire teleost order (Esociformes). We discovered that the northern pike (Esox lucius) master sex-determining gene originated from a 65 to 90 million-year-old gene duplication event and that it remained sex linked on undifferentiated sex chromosomes for at least 56 million years in multiple species. We identified several independent species- or population-specific sex determination transitions, including a recent loss of a Y chromosome. These findings highlight the diversity of evolutionary fates of master sex-determining genes and the importance of population demographic history in sex determination studies. We hypothesize that occasional sex reversals and genetic bottlenecks provide a non-adaptive explanation for sex determination transitions.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of the ancient northern pike master sex determining gene

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaowei Pan ◽  
Romain Feron ◽  
Elodie Jouanno ◽  
Hugo Darras ◽  
Amaury Herpin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Adaptive Explanation ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms ◽  
Population Demographic ◽  
Independent Species

AbstractSexual reproduction is a ubiquitous basic feature of life and genetic sex determination is thus widespread, at least among eukaryotes. Understanding the remarkable diversity of sex determination mechanisms, however, is limited by the paucity of empirical studies. Here, we traced back the evolution of sex determination in an entire clade of vertebrates and uncovered that the northern pike (Esox lucius) master sex-determining gene initiated from a 65 to 90 million-year-old gene duplication and remained sex-linked on undifferentiated sex chromosomes for at least 56 million years. Contrasting with its ancient origin, we identified several independent species- or population-specific transitions of sex determination mechanisms in this lineage, including an unexpected complete and recent Y-chromosome loss in some North American northern pike populations. These findings highlight the diversity of the evolutionary fates of master sex-determining genes and raise the importance of careful considerations of population demographic history in sex determination studies. Our study also puts forward the hypothesis that occasional sex reversals and genetic bottlenecks provide a non-adaptive explanation for sex determination transitions.

Environmental Sex Determination Mechanisms in Reptiles

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Merchant-Larios ◽  
V. Díaz-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Environmental Sex Determination ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

scholarly journals Ecological opportunities and specializations shaped genetic divergence in a highly mobile marine top predator

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20141558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Louis ◽  
Michael C. Fontaine ◽  
Jérôme Spitz ◽  
Erika Schlund ◽  
Willy Dabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Population Demographic

Environmental conditions can shape genetic and morphological divergence. Release of new habitats during historical environmental changes was a major driver of evolutionary diversification. Here, forces shaping population structure and ecotype differentiation (‘pelagic’ and ‘coastal’) of bottlenose dolphins in the North-east Atlantic were investigated using complementary evolutionary and ecological approaches. Inference of population demographic history using approximate Bayesian computation indicated that coastal populations were likely founded by the Atlantic pelagic population after the Last Glacial Maxima probably as a result of newly available coastal ecological niches. Pelagic dolphins from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea likely diverged during a period of high productivity in the Mediterranean Sea. Genetic differentiation between coastal and pelagic ecotypes may be maintained by niche specializations, as indicated by stable isotope and stomach content analyses, and social behaviour. The two ecotypes were only weakly morphologically segregated in contrast to other parts of the World Ocean. This may be linked to weak contrasts between coastal and pelagic habitats and/or a relatively recent divergence. We suggest that ecological opportunity to specialize is a major driver of genetic and morphological divergence. Combining genetic, ecological and morphological approaches is essential to understanding the population structure of mobile and cryptic species.

scholarly journals Limits and Convergence properties of the Sequentially Markovian Coalescent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut Sellinger ◽  
Diala Abu Awad ◽  
Aurélien Tellier
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
Convergence Proofs ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Population Demographic

AbstractMany methods based on the Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (SMC) have been and are being developed. These methods make use of genome sequence data to uncover population demographic history. More recently, new methods have extended the original theoretical framework, allowing the simultaneous estimation of the demographic history and other biological variables. These methods can be applied to many different species, under different model assumptions, in hopes of unlocking the population/species evolutionary history. Although convergence proofs in particular cases have been given using simulated data, a clear outline of the performance limits of these methods is lacking. We here explore the limits of this methodology, as well as present a tool that can be used to help users quantify what information can be confidently retrieved from given datasets. In addition, we study the consequences for inference accuracy violating the hypotheses and the assumptions of SMC approaches, such as the presence of transposable elements, variable recombination and mutation rates along the sequence and SNP call errors. We also provide a new interpretation of the SMC through the use of the estimated transition matrix and offer recommendations for the most efficient use of these methods under budget constraints, notably through the building of data sets that would be better adapted for the biological question at hand.

scholarly journals RNAi-Mediated Gene Silencing in a Gonad Organ Culture to Study Sex Determination Mechanisms in Sea Turtle

Genes ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzel Sifuentes-Romero ◽  
Horacio Merchant-Larios ◽  
Sarah Milton ◽  
Norma Moreno-Mendoza ◽  
Verónica Díaz-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

scholarly journals Sex Determination During Inflorescence Bud Differentiation in Monoecious Pistacia chinensis Bunge

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Bai ◽  
Chenyi Zhu ◽  
Xia Lei ◽  
Tao Cao ◽  
Shuchai Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sex Determination Mechanisms

Pistacia chinensis Bunge is widely acknowledged to be dioecious, but rare monoecious individuals have been found. However, the origin of monoecism and the sex differentiation of different sex types remain intriguing questions. Here, sex expressions were explored by identification of sex-associated DNA markers, determination of the sex stability after grafting, and histological characterization of inflorescence bud development using anatomical analysis. The results showed that (1) although polymorphisms among individuals existed, the banding patterns of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products for different sex types on the same monoecious tree were consistent; (2) the sex expressions of grafted trees were not consistent with those of scions, indicating that monoecism probably did not originate from a stable bud mutation; and (3) both males and females underwent a bisexual period, then the stamen primordia in female buds degenerated into the second round tepals, while the pistil primordia in male buds gradually disappeared. During the sex differentiation phase, female buds were spindle-shaped, while the male buds were full teardrop-shaped, and male buds were bigger than female buds. Taken together, no sex-associated DNA marker was found, sex expressions were unstable after grafting, and the alternative sex organs appeared in the early stage of sex differentiation, suggesting that sex determination occurred during floral development instead of the early vegetative period. These results indicated that the sex expressions may be affected by environmental factors, increasing the understanding of sex determination mechanisms in P. chinensis and other species.

scholarly journals Extracellular heme recycling and sharing across species by novel mycomembrane vesicles of a Gram-positive bacterium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yong Nie ◽  
Xiao-Lei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Iron Uptake ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Heme Iron ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Positive Strain ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Fusion Efficiency

Abstract Microbes spontaneously release membrane vesicles (MVs), which play roles in nutrient acquisition and microbial interactions. Iron is indispensable for microbes, but is a difficult nutrient to acquire. However, whether MVs are also responsible for efficient iron uptake and therefore involved in microbial interaction remains to be elucidated. Here, we used a Gram-positive strain, Dietzia sp. DQ12-45-1b, to analyze the function of its MVs in heme-iron recycling and sharing between species. We determined the structure and constituent of MVs and showed that DQ12-45-1b releases MVs originating from the mycomembrane. When comparing proteomes of MVs between iron-limiting and iron-rich conditions, we found that under iron-limiting conditions, heme-binding proteins are enriched. Next, we proved that MVs participate in extracellular heme capture and transport, especially in heme recycling from environmental hemoproteins. Finally, we found that the heme carried in MVs is utilized by multiple species, and we further verified that membrane fusion efficiency and species evolutionary distance determine heme delivery. Together, our findings strongly suggest that MVs act as a newly identified pathway for heme recycling, and represent a public good shared between phylogenetically closely related species.

scholarly journals Does advertisement call variation coincide with genetic variation in the genetically diverse frog taxon currently known as Leptodactylus fuscus (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae)?

2003 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. RONALD HEYER ◽  
YANA R. REID
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
South America ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

The frog Leptodactylus fuscus is found throughout much of South America in open and disturbed habitats. Previous study of genetic differentiation in L. fuscus demonstrated that there was lack of genetic exchange among population units consistent with multiple species, rather than a single species. We examine advertisement vocalizations of L. fuscus to determine whether call variation coincides with genetic differentiation. Calls were analyzed for 32 individual frogs from 25 localities throughout the distributional range of L. fuscus. Although there is variation in calls among geographic samples, call variation is not concordant with genetic variation or geographic distance and the call variation observed is less than that typically found among other closely related species of Leptodactylus. This study is an example of the rare pattern of strong genetic differentiation unaccompanied by salient differences in advertisement calls. The relative infrequency of this pattern as currently understood may only reflect the lack of detailed analyses of genetic and acoustic differentiation within population systems currently understood as single species with substantial geographic distributions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document