scholarly journals Bilingual Children’s Phonological Awareness: The Effect of Articulation Training

Nordlyd ◽  
10.7557/12.42 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Yu Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Skills Transfer ◽  
Short Period

This study aims to investigate whether unbalanced Chinese-English bilingual children’s phonological awareness skills are limited to language experience, and whether these skills are improved after a short period of articulation training with L2 (English) tongue twisters. Sixty kindergarten children in Taipei whose English proficiency was lower than their mother tongue, Chinese, participated in a series of tests. They were divided into two age groups with an average age of 5;3 and 6;3 respectively. An English proficiency test was first administrated to understand these children’s command of English. Then, phonological awareness pre-tests in Chinese and English were used to tap these children’s phonological awareness in both languages. Tests include onset/ rhyme detection test, onset deletion test, and onset/ rhyme substitution tests. Based on the causal link between articulation and phonological awareness, an English articulation training was given to the experimental group of children after the pre-tests, to examine whether enhanced English phonological awareness skills transfer to Chinese. Results showed that phonological awareness acquired in L1 were also found in L2. A period of articulation training in English led to an improvement of these children’s performances in both English and Chinese, which implies a backward transfer from weaker L2 to stronger L1. Cross-language transfers in phonological awareness abilities also imply that an abstract underlying capacity facilitates language processing across languages.

scholarly journals Including Nonlinguistic Processing Tasks in the Identification of Developmental Language Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 932-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Danahy Ebert ◽  
Giang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Cut Points

Purpose Accurate identification of developmental language disorder (DLD) remains challenging, particularly for children who speak different dialects, languages, or more than 1 language. Children with DLD, on average, have shown subtle deficits on nonlinguistic cognitive processing tasks, and performance on such tasks may be minimally influenced by language experience. This study explores whether nonlinguistic cognitive processing tasks can contribute to the identification of DLD in children from diverse linguistic backgrounds. Method Study 1 combined data from 4 U.S.-based investigations to yield a sample of 395 children, ages 6–10 years, who spoke only English or both Spanish and English. Study 2 consisted of an international sample of 55 kindergarten children living in Vietnam. Each study included children with DLD and children with typical development. Participants completed nonlinguistic cognitive tasks of processing speed, auditory working memory, and attentional control. Data analysis compared typically developing to DLD groups by age and language background. Then, we empirically derived cut-points to report diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios). Results For all 3 tasks, adequate sensitivity or specificity (but not both in most cases) was achieved in nearly all age groups. Likelihood ratios reached moderately to very informative levels in several instances. Diagnostic results were maintained when monolingual and bilingual samples were combined into a single group. Conclusions Nonlinguistic cognitive processing tasks may contribute to accurate identification of DLD in combination with other measures. Further research is needed to refine tasks, confirm cut-points established here, and extend findings to children from additional language backgrounds.

scholarly journals Mother Tongue of Turkish Immigrant Children in Berlin: to Be or not to Be?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Hristo Kyuchukov
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
New Information ◽  
Turkish Immigrant

How do bilingual Turkish children develop their mother tongue knowledge in German kindergartens and what are some of the difficulties they face? These are the questions which this paper tries to answer. For this purpose, a study with Turkish kindergarten children from Berlin, Germany was conducted. A total of 40 children were divided into two groups between 3 and 6 years old and tested twice in a year with the TEDIL Test . The test consists of pictures and measures the knowledge of Turkish nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and syntax. All of the children were tested individually by a native Turkish speaker and by the researcher. The testing was done in the kindergarten setting. The results showed that the knowledge of both age groups on different grammatical categories in Turkish was equal on the first test and there were no statistical differences. However, during the second test the group of older children showed a decrease in their knowledge of the grammatical categories in their mother tongue. This paper discusses the factors that influenced the regression in the knowledge of Turkish. This study is one of only a few on bilingual Turkish children and it presents new information about mother tongue loss among kindergarten children, discusses the reasons, and suggests that kindergartens and families should cooperate and work together in order to prevent mother tongue loss from a very early age as well as its effect on the cognitive development of bilingual children.

scholarly journals Mother Tongue of Turkish Immigrant Children in Berlin: to Be or not to Be?

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Hristo Kyuchukov
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
New Information ◽  
Turkish Immigrant

How do bilingual Turkish children develop their mother tongue knowledge in German kindergartens and what are some of the difficulties they face? These are the questions which this paper tries to answer. For this purpose, a study with Turkish kindergarten children from Berlin, Germany was conducted. A total of 40 children were divided into two groups between 3 and 6 years old and tested twice in a year with the TEDIL Test . The test consists of pictures and measures the knowledge of Turkish nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions, and syntax. All of the children were tested individually by a native Turkish speaker and by the researcher. The testing was done in the kindergarten setting. The results showed that the knowledge of both age groups on different grammatical categories in Turkish was equal on the first test and there were no statistical differences. However, during the second test the group of older children showed a decrease in their knowledge of the grammatical categories in their mother tongue. This paper discusses the factors that influenced the regression in the knowledge of Turkish. This study is one of only a few on bilingual Turkish children and it presents new information about mother tongue loss among kindergarten children, discusses the reasons, and suggests that kindergartens and families should cooperate and work together in order to prevent mother tongue loss from a very early age as well as its effect on the cognitive development of bilingual children.

scholarly journals Opioid Literacy in an Immigrant Group in Rural Area: Use of Social Determinant of Health Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 397-397
Author(s):  
Hee Yun Lee ◽  
Eun Young Choi ◽  
Jieun Song ◽  
Jamie Gajos ◽  
Yan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Middle Aged

Abstract Opioid overdose risk is particularly high in immigrant communities partly due to limited English proficiency (Guarino et al., 2015). Previous studies reported that social determinants of health (SDH) have been associated with risk for opioid overdose (Dasgupta et al., 2018). The current study examines the association between SDH and literacy of opioid overdose risk among the immigrant population living in a rural area. Specifically, we examine the association in various age groups including young adults (aged 20 to 34), middle-aged (aged 35 to 49), and older adults (ages 50 to 75). Data were drawn from a sample of Korean American immigrants residing in rural Alabama (N=225). The participants administered the Brief Opioid Knowledge (BOOK) Questionnaire (Dunn et al., 2016). Multiple regression analyses were conducted for three age groups to identify predictors of opioid literacy. Overall, older adults had lower levels of opioid literacy relative to their younger counterparts. Among young adults, low English proficiency, more chronic conditions, and greater depressive symptoms were significant predictors of limited opioid literacy. For the middle-aged adults, lower levels of health literacy and more pain symptoms were associated with limited opioid literacy. Among older adults, women, those with higher English proficiency, and lower health literacy had lower levels of opioid literacy. The findings demonstrated a greater vulnerability of older immigrants to limited opioid literacy. Different predictors based on SDH of limited opioid literacy across age groups have implications for tailored health promotion strategies to reduce opioid overdose risk.

Occupational Sex-Typing by Kindergarten and Fourth-Grade Children

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Blaske
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Occupational Aspirations ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Job Preference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Occupations

Sex-typing of occupations and its antecedent elements have been investigated using different methods across a variety of age groups. Exp. 1 utilized a memory test as its principal criterion, along with a job-preference question to investigate sex-typing in fourth-grade children. On the memory test the mean numbers of sex-typing errors were significantly different; the subjects presenting traditional sex-typed pairings committed far fewer sex-typing errors. The job-preference question also disclosed sex-typed beliefs pertaining to occupational aspirations. The method in Exp. 2 required 66 kindergarten children to supply names to stick figures performing traditional male and female occupations in each of 10 picture cards. A significant number of sex-typed responses were given. Girls were more sex-typed than boys, traditional male occupations were more sex-typed than traditional female occupations, and boys were less sex-typed when their mothers were employed.

scholarly journals University students’ perception toward the use of the mother tongue in the EFL classrooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1094-1110
Author(s):  
Siti Hawa ◽  
Suryani Suryani ◽  
Rini Susiani ◽  
Ema Dauyah ◽  
A. Halim Majid
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Private University ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Intermediate Students ◽  
Advanced Students ◽  
Negative Impacts

This study identified learners’ perceptions toward using the mother tongue and analyzed the function or occasions of its use in the EFL classroom. A mixed-methods design, employing classroom observation, questionnaire, and semi-structured interview as data collection methods, was used to pursue this study. The questionnaire items gained the students’ opinion on two categories, namely: students’ preference and occasion of mother tongue use. Twenty undergraduate students who took the Speaking course at a private university in Aceh were involved as the participant of the observation and questionnaire. Meanwhile, only three of them were chosen as the interviewee. The questionnaire data were analyzed quantitatively. In contrast, the observation and interview data were analyzed qualitatively. The results indicated that the use of mother tongue brought positive and negative impacts regarding the students’ perception based on their various English proficiency levels. The low level of English proficiency and intermediate students revealed a higher preference toward the mother tongue to understand the instructions, explain unfamiliar vocabularies, and understand the differences or similarities of English pronunciation and idioms. At the same time, the advanced students indicated a negative perception of mother tongue use. They chose to avoid using their mother tongue to improve their skill through maximum exposure to English as the target language in the speaking classroom atmosphere.

scholarly journals Analysis and forecasts of Salmonella spp. antibiotic resistance in Dnipropetrovsk region (Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
H. A. Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Short Period ◽  
High Level

The paper presents data of the research aimed at studying the species composition of major pathogens circulating in the region and the resistance to antibacterial drugs in pathogens of salmonella, one of the most common zoonoses. Within the period 2014–2018 the qualitative composition of microflora from biological and pathological materials from different groups of animals was studied in Dnipropetrovsk region. Own research results and the results of the regional veterinary statistical reporting were analyzed. Within the short period of five years, 237 cultures of Gram-negative bacteria were detected and studied. The dominant agent in the studied region was E. coli (56.7%) from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The second most frequent agent in the pathology was Salmonella spp. (10.5%). In total, 29 cultures of salmonella infection were isolated from six species of animals with a predominance of bird isolates. Thus, for different age groups of poultry the most common were S. Gallinarum-Pullorum (56%) and S. Enteritidis (32%). An antibiotic resistance increase in pathogenic salmonella was observed for β-lactam antibiotics (cefazolin, ceftriaxone), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, streptomycin, kanamycin), as well as for tetracycline and polymyxin. Taking into consideration the high level of resistance against norfloxacin in the region’s dominant pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family, we performed a forecast in MS Excel graphically and added a trend line. In the course of work it was proved that the Dnipropetrovsk region is a geographic zone with a stable high (86 ± 3.7%) allocation from different groups of animals of Gram-negative microorganisms. It was found that local dominant pathogens are representatives of the Enterobacteriaceae family (E. coli, Salmonella spp.). This data can be used as surrogate resistance markers. The epizootological patterns of animal salmonellosis are determined. It is shown the possibility of forecasting the distribution of antibiotic resistant strains in MS Excel in graphical form by adding a trend line, using quantitative information on the sensitivity of bacteria. Prospects for further research are the prevention and control of the emergence of resistance to antibiotics in veterinary medicine and agriculture in the region and in the country

scholarly journals Problem Behaviours and Associated Factors among Youth in Bangalore City, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mrs. Sudha A Rao ◽  
Dr. Komala M
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Services ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Internalizing Problem

Youth is the significant phase of life, characterized by rapid and intense physical, physiological, psychological, behavioral changes with changing patterns of social interactions and relationships. The developmental changes that occur in the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood may cause varying degree of disturbances, resulting in problem behaviours (PB). A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and association of socio-demographical factors with problem behaviours. The sample comprised of 800 youth both boys and girls of 18 to 24 years of age, drawn randomly from various educational institutions within Bangalore, a capital city of Karnataka state, India. Self-developed questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographical information and Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment-Adult Self-Report for ages 18-59 was administered to assess the problem behaviours. The findings revealed that the prevalence of internalizing problem behaviours (IPB) was found to be 59% whereas the prevalence of externalizing problem behaviours (EPB) was found to be 47% and the prevalence (inclusive of those in the borderline) of overall problem behaviours (OPB) was found to be 25% among youth in Bangalore city. Clinical IPB was most common in boys (43.5%) than girls (32.1%) and significant association was found between genders and internalizing problem behaviours among youth. Comparatively more boys (27.6%) than girls (25.7%) were found to in the clinical level of EPB, but no significant association was found between genders and EPB. Prevalence of clinical IPB, EPB and OPB in youth shows peak around 18-20 years of age (50.5%, 36.4% and 18.7%) followed by steady decline by 22-24 years of age (32.3%, 21.65% and 6.0% ) respectively. Significant association between age groups and IPB, EPB, OPB was observed. Other socio-demographic factors like education, mother tongue, family monthly income were not found to be significantly associated with IPB, EPB and OPB among youth. There is a need for mental health care services to college students to handle the problem behaviours in more effective way and to enhance their quality of life. As preventive strategies, youth need educational awareness on problem behaviours and training in life skills education to understand the situation and to avoid further damage to the learning.

scholarly journals Closed Fractures of the Distal Part of the Shin Bones. Different Types and Methods of the Treatment in Adolescence. Short Period Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Dorokhin ◽  
Alexander I. Krupatkin ◽  
Anastasia A. Adrianova ◽  
Vladimir I. Khudik ◽  
Dmitriy S. Sorokin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Short Period

Background.Fractures of the distal leg bones in children, due to the peculiarities of localization, the presence of a growth zone, the proximity of the joint and the involvement of the ligamentous apparatus in the pathological process, present a difficult problem in the choice of treatment and rehabilitation.Aims:In order to our aims we create the diagnostic and treatment algorithm in the system of early rehabilitation after fractures in the distal part of the shin bone in adolescence.Methods.Our clinical investigation based on the treatment of 56 patients in the age 817 years. Cohort of patients consist from three age groups: 811 years (n=13), 1214 years (n=28) and 1517 years (n=15). Examination was done with X-rays, CT and Ultrasound, specialy in the cases where the damage of ligamentous apparatus was suspicious. The main method of treatment was surgical osteosynthesis by pins, plates and screws. In the rehabilitation period the legs were immobilized by Plaster of Paris for 46 weeks.Results.In majority of cases the outcomes in the period of 68 weeks after trauma were good and satisfactory. The method of laser Doppler fluometry was performed in 16 cases in follow up period after trauma for examination of the regional blood circulation as a argumentation of regeneration process.Conclusion.The different choice in treatment of compound fractures of the distal part of the shin bones according to morphological changes in adolescence permits to aid good results in majority of caces.

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