Predictors of Teachers’ Reading Skills in a Rural School District in Northeastern Mindanao Philippines

Author(s):  
Loveleah B. Albarillo

Reading is a problem for teachers in the Philippines. It becomes even more acute for teachers in rural areas. In Surigao del Sur (Northeastern Mindanao—Philippines), the problem is especially worrisome. I designed a study that determines the predictors of the reading skills of teachers in a rural school district. To analyze the data, I used the frequency weighted mean, Pearson Moment-Product Correlation Coefficient, and regression analysis. I also used a standardized reading test as the reading instrument. On top of that, I asked the teachers to build a personal profile with socio-demographic and pedagogical variables. I gathered the data through a questionnaire. The results confirm in Surigao del Sur what is known to be the state of reading habits of teachers in the Philippines. The quality of reading skills is low or poor. The teachers are not able to teach competently in language and reading. They have higher order skills in scanning and points of view. They have average levels of vocabulary. They use study aids infrequently. They have low levels of reading comprehension. Age is the most important predictor of reading skill. It tends to decline as teachers grow older. They read less the longer they stay in the service. It is specifically noticeable among teachers who do not exert the effort to deepen their professional studies. Teachers 40 and above need a special reading intervention. To prevent a decline in reading skill, all rural teachers ought to do graduate-level work.   Keywords - socio-demographic variables, pedagogical variables, reading skills of teachers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Chiodi ◽  
◽  
Verónica Escudero

What works to reduce child labor in agriculture? In this paper, we evaluate two randomized livelihood intervention programs, aimed to reduce child labor, particularly in its most exploitative forms, in rural areas of Peru and the Philippines. In the first randomized experiment, we evaluate a livelihood intervention provided to farmers in Peru that use the labor of their children on their family farms, accompanied by an education intervention aimed to improve the quality of schools and an awareness-raising intervention. In the second randomized experiment, we evaluate the incremental effect of the livelihood intervention implemented within a similar program in the Philippines, focused on the sugarcane agricultural sector. We find that when livelihood interventions were provided alone, they did not manage to improve economic conditions, and hence generally failed to reduce child labor rates in rural areas. However, when the livelihood intervention was combined with measures to improve the quality of education in Peru, we see a reduction in hazardous child labor and child labor overall. Awareness-raising interventions, aimed at changing the perceptions of parents through community interaction, appear to have also had an effect in the reduction of child labor, and these effects were reinforced by education interventions. Results indicate that a comprehensive approach including livelihood support with education and awareness-raising components is a more effective way to reduce child labor and hazardous labor for children in the agricultural sector.


2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5S) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Madeline A. Lyon ◽  
Timothy K. Behrens ◽  
Dick Carpenter ◽  
Elizabeth Tucker ◽  
Carmen Luna ◽  
...  

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