APPLICATION OF BIOSURFACTANT IN OIL SPILL MANAGEMENT

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 503-504
Author(s):  
Asha Juwarkar ◽  
P. Sudhakar Babu ◽  
Kirti Mishra ◽  
Megha Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT Surfactants are surface active agents which reduce surface tension and interfacial tension between two immiscible phases and help in emulsification. Toxicity, nonbiodegradability, and limited structural types of chemical surfactants have initiated the need for effective substitutes. Biosurfactants, which are synthesized by specific microbial cultures, have surface active properties comparable to chemical surfactants. They are compounds that can help in oil spill cleanup operations without presenting the problems posed by chemical surfactants. Two bacterial cultures were isolated from oil-contaminated soil and were used for biosurfactant production. The biosurfactants produced by the Bacillus licheniformis, BS1, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, BS2, in mineral media containing glucose as the carbon source belong to the class of lipoprotein and glycolipid, respectively. They were found to reduce the surface and interfacial tension of water and water-hexadecane systems from 72 dynes/cm and 40 dynes/cm to 28 to 30 dynes/cm and 1 to 3 dynes/cm, respectively. These results were comparable with chemical surfactants with respect to surface tension reduction (Slic Gone 34 dynes/cm and Castrol 30 dynes/cm). The low interfacial tension allows the formation of stable emulsion. The two cultures were grown on different substrates, namely, glucose, mannitol, glycerol, hexadecane, oily sludge, and crude oil. Emulsion formation of hexadecane in water was tested with the cell-free broth containing biosurfactant from the respective substrate broths. Emulsions of 56 percent stability to 100 percent stability were obtained from these biosurfactant-containing broths. Both biosurfactants were able to emulsify crude oil. A surfactant's ability to form a stable emulsion is the first step in oil spill cleanup. The emulsified oil can then be acted upon very easily by the microorganisms under study. Therefore, the biosurfactants produced by the microorganisms under study offer a good potential for use in oil spill cleanup.

scholarly journals Superhydrophobic engineering materials provide a rapid and simple route for highly efficient self-driven crude oil spill cleanup

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (67) ◽  
pp. 38363-38369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Xu ◽  
Shulong Bao ◽  
Liuting Gong ◽  
Renping Ma ◽  
Lei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Simple Route ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
Crude Oil Spill

Traditional superhydrophobic material use depends on two processes: creating a rough structure on a material surface and modifying the rough surface with low surface energy materials.

scholarly journals Modeling CCN activity of chemically unresolved model HULIS, including surface tension, non-ideality, and surface partitioning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonne L. Prisle ◽  
Bjarke Molgaard
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Activity ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Tension Reduction ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction ◽  
Surface Partitioning ◽  
Critical Supersaturation ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Droplet Activation ◽  
Ccn Activity

Abstract. Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of aerosol particles comprising surface active Nordic Aquatic Fulvic Acid (NAFA) and NaCl was modeled with four different approaches to account for NAFA bulk-to-surface partitioning and the combined influence of NAFA and NaCl on surface tension and water activity of activating droplets. Calculations were made for particles with dry diameters of 30–230 nm and compositions covering the full range of relative NAFA and NaCl mixing ratios. Continuous ternary parametrizations of aqueous surface tension and water activity with respect to independently varying NAFA and NaCl mass concentrations were developed from previous measurements on macroscopic bulk solutions and implemented to a Köhler model framework. This enabled comprehensive thermodynamic predictions of cloud droplet activation, including equilibrium surface partitioning, for particles comprising chemically unresolved organic NAFA mixtures. NAFA here serves as a model for surface active atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) and for chemically complex organic aerosol in general. Surfactant effects are gauged via predictions of a suite of properties for activating droplets, including critical supersaturation and droplet size, bulk phase composition, surface tension, Kelvin effect, and water activity. Assuming macroscopic solution properties for activating droplets leads to gross overestimations of reported experimental CCN activation, mainly by overestimating surface tension reduction from NAFA solute in droplets. Failing to account for bulk-to-surface partitioning of NAFA introduces severe biases in evaluated droplet bulk and surface composition and critical size, which here specifically affect cloud activation thermodynamics, but more generally could also impact heterogeneous chemistry on droplet surfaces. Model frameworks based on either including surface partitioning and/or neglecting surface tension reduction give similar results for both critical supersaturation and droplet properties and reproduce reported experimental CCN activity well. These perhaps counterintuitive results reflect how the bulk phase is nearly depleted in surface active organic from surface partitioning in submicron droplets with large surface area for a given bulk volume. As a result, NAFA has very little impact on surface tension and water activity at the point of droplet activation. In other words, the predicted surfactant strength of NAFA is significantly lower in sub-micron activating droplets than in macroscopic aqueous solutions of the same overall composition. These results show similar effects of chemically complex surfactants as have previously been seen only for simple surfactants with well-defined molecular properties and add to the growing appreciation of the complex role of surface activity in cloud droplet activation.

LOGISTICS FOR THE CONDUCT OF CONTROLLED OIL SPILL EXPERIMENTON BIORESTORATION OF FRESHWATER WETLANDS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1467-1469
Author(s):  
Stéphane Grenon ◽  
Vincent Jarry ◽  
Darcy Longpré ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Albert D. Venosa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
The United States ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Emergency Responders ◽  
And Control ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup ◽  
St Lawrence River

ABSTRACT The St. Lawrence River, situated between Canada and the United States, provides a major transport route in North America for the transport of millions of tons of crude oil, condensates, and refined products each year. In addition, as one of the largest rivers in the world, it is of major ecological significance. For example, over 55,000 hectares of wetlands are found along the St. Lawrence alone. These areas provide habitat for wildlife, the nurseries for fisheries, and control coastal erosion are highly vulnerable to oil spills. Furthermore, as traditional oil spill cleanup methods may be ineffective or cause more damage, emergency responders are considering less intrusive methods such as biorestoration as operational countermeasures. A biorestoration experiment was designed to measure the effectiveness of this method in the St. Lawrence River. To conduct this experiment, 1,200 liters of crude oil were to be spilled in a controlled manner over an experimental zone of 750 m2 in a marsh area. To obtain regulatory approvals from governmental agencies, environmental groups and, more importantly, to avoid the “not in my backyard” protests from the local communities, site selection, emergency planning, contingency measures, and especially community meetings, were all necessary steps towards the acceptance of the project. This controlled spill was done in June 1998 without any incident. Sampling of the experimental site will be completed in the fall of 2000. This paper aims to provide insights on the steps needed to gain acceptance from concerned citizens for the conduct of a controlled oil spill experiment.

scholarly journals Emulsion stability and antimicrobial activity of Ionic liquid-based formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Mahabubur Rahman Talukder ◽  
Suzana Yusup
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Oil Spill Remediation

Chemical dispersants is one of the globally accepted remediation technique used for marine oil spill. However, the toxicity related with these dispersants confined its application in marine environment. Therefore, to overcome this problem, the employment of environmentally benign dispersants is one of the effective conceivable approach. In this study, the formulation comprised of choline based ionic liquid, choline laurate ([Cho][Lau]) and a biosurfactant, lactonic sophorolipids (LS) were used as a crude oil emulsifier. The toxicity of the newly developed formulation was evaluated to confirm their safe employment in sea water. The developed formulation worked effectively as a crude oil emulsifier and formed a stable crude oil emulsion. The toxicity study against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria depicts the “practically harmless” nature of the developed formulation. Thus, the results presented in this study showed that the new formulation can potentially replace the conventional dispersant used for marine oil spill remediation.

scholarly journals Surface activity of salt-tolerant Serratia spp. and crude oil biodegradation in saline soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 412-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Wu ◽  
W.J. Xie ◽  
Y.L. Yi ◽  
X.B. Li ◽  
H.J. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Nacl Concentration

An ideal strain for crude oil degradation in saline soils would be one with high salt-tolerance. A novel bacterial strain, Serratia sp. BF40, was isolated from crude oil contaminated saline soils. Its salt-tolerance, surface activity and ability to degrade crude oil in saline soils were evaluated. It can grow in liquid culture with NaCl concentration less than 6.0%. Its surface activity characterized as an efficient surface tension reduction, was significantly affected by salinity above 2.0%. BF40 inoculation could decrease surface tension of soil solutions and facilitate crude oil removal in soils with 0.22–1.20% salinity, but the efficiency was both significantly lower than its biosurfactant addition. The BF40 strain has a high potential for biodegradation of crude oil contaminated saline soils in view of its high surface activity and salt-tolerance, which is the first report of biosurfactant producing by the genus Serratia for petroleum degrading. We suggest that biosurfactant addition is an efficient strategy. Simultaneously, the growing status of the strain and how to boost its surface activity in saline soils should deserve further studies in order to achieve a continuous biosurfactant supply.

scholarly journals Biosurfactant production by Mucor circinelloides on waste frying oil and possible uses in crude oil remediation

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1706-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Hasanizadeh ◽  
Hamid Moghimi ◽  
Javad Hamedi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Tension Reduction ◽  
Surface Tension Reduction

Biosurfactants are biocompatible surface active agents which many microorganisms produce. This study investigated the production of biosurfactants by Mucor circinelloides. The effects of different factors on biosurfactant production, including carbon sources and concentrations, nitrogen sources, and iron (II) concentration, were studied and the optimum condition determined. Finally, the strain's ability to remove the crude oil and its relationship with biosurfactant production was evaluated. The results showed that M. circinelloides could reduce the surface tension of the culture medium to 26.6 mN/m and create a clear zone of 12.9 cm diameter in an oil-spreading test. The maximum surface tension reduction was recorded 3 days after incubation. The optimum condition for biosurfactant production was achieved in the presence of 8% waste frying oil as a carbon source, 2 g/L yeast extract as a nitrogen source, and 0.01 mM FeSO4. M. circinelloides could consume 8% waste frying oil in 5 days of incubation, and 87.6% crude oil in 12 days of incubation. A direct correlation was observed between oil degradation and surface tension reduction in the first 3 days of fungal growth. The results showed that the waste frying oil could be recommended as an inexpensive oily waste substance for biosurfactant production, and M. circinelloides could have the potential to treat waste frying oil. According to the results, the produced crude biosurfactant or fungal strain could be directly used for the mycoremediation of crude oil contamination in oil fields.

The Influence Faction to the Crude Oil Emulsion Stability

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Hong Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Interfacial Film ◽  
The World

At present, the exploited crude oil is about 80% in the presence of crude oil emulsion in the world. More and more research to study stability of the crude oil is developed. Firstly, the basal knowledge of the crude oil emulsion and interfacial film are introduced in this paper. The main reason that crude oil can come into being stable emulsion is it has natural emulsifiers, which can form interfacial film, then the author emphasizes on four natural emulsifiers of the crude oil’s components: asphaltenes, gelatine, paraffine and solid particles, which play very important role in the crude oil emulsion’s stability. The natural emulsifiers, such as asphaltenes, gelatine, can be absorbed between water and oil to form interfacial film that has some visco-elasticity. The stronger is interfacial film, the more stable is the crude oil emulsion.

A Comparative Study on Physicochemical, Rheological and Surface Tension Properties of Tunisian Jujube (Zizyphus lotus L.) Seed and Vegetable Oils

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moncef Chouaibi ◽  
Nesrine Mahfoudhi ◽  
Leila Rezig ◽  
Francesco Donsi ◽  
Giovanna Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Emulsifying Properties ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Tension Properties ◽  
Sunflower Oils ◽  
Oil Emulsions

The physicochemical, rheological, surface tension and emulsifying properties of Tunisian jujube (Zizyphus lotus L.) seed oil were investigated and compared with six edible vegetable oils ( olive, corn, soybean, sunflower, groundnut and rapeseed). These results showed that total phospholipids and total tocopherols contents were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in jujube seed oil than those in edible vegetable oils. It was also shown that all oil samples exhibited Newtonian behaviors at shear rate ranged from 10 to 1000 s-1 and the highest viscosity η was observed in jujube seed oil, followed by olive, rapeseed, groundnut, corn, soybean and sunflower oils. In addition, the interfacial tension value of jujube seed oil was significantly lower (17.56 mN/m) than the corresponding of edible vegetable oils. The emulsions were prepared with different type of oil samples and they were kept for 60 days under 4, 30 and 55 °C for stability test. Our results showed that mean droplet size d4,3 of jujube seed oil emulsion was significantly smaller ( P < 0.05) than those of vegetable oils studied. Moreover, jujube seed oil emulsions were stable for 2 months with an average diameter of 213.34 nm. According to the results, jujube seed oil has rheological, interfacial tension, and emulsifying properties that may become interesting for specific applications in several segments of food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and agrichemical industries.

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