scholarly journals Effects of Different Extracting Solvents on Non-Phenolic Phytochemical Profiles of Selected Nigerian Spices and Spice-treated Foods

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
F. U. Ugwuona ◽  
O. E. Agwo ◽  
A. N. Ukom ◽  
B. N. Iguh
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phytochemical Profiles ◽  
Monodora Myristica ◽  
Acetone Hexane ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of extraction solvents on the non-phenolic phytochemical profiles of selected spices (Ocimum viride, Monodora myristica, Monodora tenuifolia and Tetrapleura tetraptera) and spice-treated foods in southern part of Nigeria. The spice samples were processed into powder for antioxidant screening. The spice extracts were obtained from the samples using 5 extracting solvents [distilled water, 95 % methanol, acetone / hexane (1:1 v/v), n-hexane / methanol / acetone (2:1:1, v/v/v) and acetone / water / acetic acid (70:29.5:0.5, v/v/v)]. Water extracts were obtained from beef, pork and fluted pumpkin leaves. The alkaloid, saponin, oxalate and phytate components of the spice extracts and the spice-treated foods were evaluated using standard methods. The laboratory analyses were performed at analytical laboratory, National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka during the 3rd quarter of 2020. The percentage yield of the extracts were low (0.32 - 0.96 %) and varied widely among extracting solvents, spices and spice-treated foods. M. myristica and T. tetrpleura had the highest yield, 0.96, in methanol extracts. Phytochemical contents differed significantly (p < 0.05) among spices, extracts of the same spice and among spice-treated foods. Spices had high contents of oxalate (2.0 – 7.0 mg/100 g), alkaloid (0.8 – 5.76 mg/100 g) and phytate (2.14 – 3.88 mg/100 g) but relatively low content of saponin (0.03 – 0.736 mg/100g). Methanol alone or in combination with other solvents extracted higher amounts of phytochemicals (0.96 %) than other solvent mixtures from the spices. Phytochemical contents of spice-treated foods were in the order: vegetable > rice > pork > beef.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2434
Author(s):  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Mohammad K. Okla ◽  
Saud S. Al-amri ◽  
Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi ◽  
Wahida H. AL-Qahtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO2 (eCO2) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO2 and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO2 conditions (ambient CO2 (a CO2, 400 ± 27 μmol CO2 mol−1 air) and eCO2, 620 ± 42 μmol CO2 mol−1 air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO2-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO2 enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO2, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO2 enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO2-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO2 treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO2 provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.

scholarly journals Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Griseofulvin in HPC/Soluplus/SDS: Elucidating the Multifaceted Impact of SDS as a Minor Component

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
Stephanie Ahmad ◽  
James Tarabokija ◽  
Nathaniel Parker ◽  
Ecevit Bilgili
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Amorphous Solid Dispersions ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spray Dried

This study aimed to elucidate the impact of a common anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), along with hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and Soluplus (Sol) on the release of griseofulvin (GF), a poorly soluble drug, from amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Solutions of 2.5% GF and 2.5%–12.5% HPC/Sol with 0.125% SDS/without SDS were prepared in acetone–water and spray-dried. The solid-state characterization of the ASDs suggests that GF–Sol had better miscibility and stronger interactions than GF–HPC and formed XRPD-amorphous GF, whereas HPC-based ASDs, especially the ones with a lower HPC loading, had crystalline GF. The dissolution tests show that without SDS, ASDs provided limited GF supersaturation (max. 250%) due to poor wettability of Sol-based ASDs and extensive GF recrystallization in HPC-based ASDs (max. 50%). Sol-based ASDs with SDS exhibited a dramatic increase in supersaturation (max. 570%), especially at a higher Sol loading, whereas HPC-based ASDs with SDS did not. SDS did not interfere with Sol’s ability to inhibit GF recrystallization, as confirmed by the precipitation from the supersaturated state and PLM imaging. The favorable use of SDS in a ternary ASD was attributed to both the wettability enhancement and its inability to promote GF recrystallization when used as a minor component along with Sol.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extraction of Polar Lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica for Food, Feed, and Biotechnology Applications Evaluated Using Lipidomic Approaches

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Tânia Melo ◽  
Ana R. P. Figueiredo ◽  
Elisabete da Costa ◽  
Daniela Couto ◽  
Joana Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Nannochloropsis Oceanica ◽  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
The Impact

Nannochloropsis oceanica can accumulate lipids and is a good source of polar lipids, which are emerging as new value-added compounds with high commercial value for the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Some applications may limit the extraction solvents, such as food applications that require safe food-grade solvents, such as ethanol. However, the effect of using ethanol as an extraction solvent on the quality of the extracted polar lipidome, compared to other more traditional methods, is not yet well established. In this study, the polar lipid profile of N. oceanica extracts was obtained using different solvents, including chloroform/methanol (CM), dichloromethane/methanol (DM), dichloromethane/ethanol (DE), and ethanol (E), and evaluated by modern lipidomic methods using LC-MS/MS. Ultrasonic bath (E + USB)- and ultrasonic probe (E + USP)-assisted methodologies were implemented to increase the lipid extraction yields using ethanol. The polar lipid signature and antioxidant activity of DM, E + USB, and E + USP resemble conventional CM, demonstrating a similar extraction efficiency, while the DE and ethanol extracts were significantly different. Our results showed the impact of different extraction solvents in the polar lipid composition of the final extracts and demonstrated the feasibility of E + USB and E + USP as safe and food-grade sources of polar lipids, with the potential for high-added-value biotechnological applications.

Hydrothermal Conversion of Cattle Manure to Biooil: Biooil Definitions

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudong Yin ◽  
Ryan Dolan ◽  
Zhongchao Tan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Elemental Compositions ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

A number of researchers have reported that biooil was produced through hydrothermal conversion of different types of biomass. However, it is difficult to evaluate and compare these biooils in terms of yields and chemical properties. They applied different organic solvents to extract biooil from products after hydrothermal conversion of biomass. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of extraction solvents on the quantity and chemical structure of biooil. Cattle manure was used as one type of biomass feedstock for biooil production. And dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3) and diethyl ether (C4H10O) were used for biooil extraction. Results showed that extraction solvents influenced biooil yields. The highest biooil yield of 48.78 wt% of volatile content of cattle manure was obtained when using CH2Cl2 solvent. The main components of biooil extracted by CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 were ketones and carboxylic acids, while those extracted by C4H10O were aromatic chemicals. In terms of elemental compositions and high heating values of biooil, no statistically apparent differences were caused by different solvents. The mean elemental compositions (by weight) of biooils were carbon of 73.79%, hydrogen of 8.18%, nitrogen of 4.38% and oxygen of 13.65%. And the mean high heating value of biooil was 36.74 MJ/kg.

The impact of solvent mixtures on neurobehavioral performance—Conclusions from epidemiological data

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Meyer-Baron ◽  
Meinolf Blaszkewicz ◽  
Henning Henke ◽  
Guido Knapp ◽  
Axel Muttray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Performance ◽  
The Impact

Solubility of Lovastatin in Acetone + Water Solvent Mixtures

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Sun ◽  
Jingkang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Acetone Water

Alkaline hydrolysis of glycol esters - A newly suggested criterion in the assessment of anchimeric assistance

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Balakrishnan ◽  
Rao G Venkoba ◽  
N Venkatasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Transition State ◽  
Solvent Effects ◽  
Alkaline Hydrolysis ◽  
Triethylene Glycol ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Anchimeric Assistance ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Suggested Criterion

Solvent effects vis a vis structural effects on the alkaline hydrolysis of various di-and mono-benzoates of glycols have been studied in binary solvent mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide-water, ethanol-water and acetone-water. It is observed that the higher the stabilization of the transition state by the neighbouring group, the greater is the susceptibility of the reaction to dipolar aprotic solvent acceleration[i.e. k(Me2SO)/k(EtOH) value]. The possibility of employing such solvent effects to evaluate the extent of anchimeric assistance in ester hydrolysis where the neighbouring group can stabilize the transition state is examined. The studies have been extended to triethylene glycol derivatives and it is suggested that dipolar aprotic-protic solvent effects could be used as a kinetic probe for the conformation of the molecule.

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