scholarly journals Meteorus gyrator (Thunberg) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) In Egypt: Geographical Distribution and Mass-production

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Gesraha ◽  
Amany Ramadan Ebeid
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Heliothis Armigera ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Sesamia Cretica ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Basic Biology

Background: The larval internal parasitoids in the genus Meteorus attack certain lepidopterous larvae in different Egyptian fields. Two species, M. rubens and M. gyrator were the most abundant species reared from several lepidopterous larval species, which feed on different host plants in the two selected Governorates in Egypt throughout two successive years. Aim: This work presents a method specifically designed to improve the abundance and the parasitizing potential of M. gyrator in open fields to parasitize and develop on a broad range of noctuid’s pests by releasing considerable number of the parasitoid adults. Also it deals with some aspects of the basic biology of M. gyrator parasitizing Spodoptera littoralis and Autugrapha ni, as mass-rearing hosts. Methodology: 1- Population Dynamics Biweekly samples of lepidopterous larvae were collected from different host plants in the fields of Giza and Faiyum Governorates, for two successive years (November, 2017 to October, 2019). Collected larvae were confined individually under constant conditions until pupation or the emergence of the internal parasitoid’s larvae for pupation. 2- Laboratory Rearing Cultures of some insect larvae, Heliothis armigera, Spodoptera exigua, Agrotis ipsilon, Sesamia cretica, S. littoralis and Autographa ni were reared in laboratory under constant conditions to act as hosts for mass-production of the parasitoid, M. gyrator. Results: Obtained results reveal that A. ipsilon was the main host of M. rubens, it was more abundant in both years and localities of the survey. Meteorus gyrator was recorded at fewer numbers; it was reared from S. littoralis, S. exigua, S. critica, Heliothis spp. and Autographa spp. The parasitism percentage by M. rubens averaged 23.10% at Giza. While in the case of M. gyrator it averaged 3.25%. In Faiyum, the corresponding figure averaged 12.96% parasitism for M. rubens; while it averaged 6.93%, for M. gyrator. To increase the efficacy of M. gyrator, mass production experiments were carried out, suggesting that Autographa ni was the most suitable for mass-rearing than S. littoralis. Conclusion: To increase the efficacy of M. gyrator as an endoparasitoid, its numbers in the field should be increased by releasing a considerable number of adults, to control lepidopterous larval pests.

scholarly journals Temporal Variation of Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) Composition in Areas of Caatinga with Different Vegetation Structures

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Creão-Duarte ◽  
Malva Hernández ◽  
Rembrandt Rothéa ◽  
Wellington Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Vegetation Structures ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The diversity of membracids in different Caatinga vegetation structures (preserved, intermediate and degraded) was studied during dry and rainy seasons in 2006. We recorded 1,107 individuals, belonging to 13 species, mostly during the rainy season (693). Melusinella nervosa (Fairmaire, 1846), Enchenopa brasiliensis Strümpel, 2007 and E. eunicea Creão-Duarte & Rothéa, 2007 were the most abundant species, although this pattern varied in the three areas. M. nervosa and E. brasiliensis were the most abundant during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, due to the resistance of its main host plant to seasonality and climate rigors. Thrasymedes pallescens (Stål, 1869) was the species least affected by seasonality, with 51.3% and 48.7% of the specimens collected in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, followed by E. eunicea, with 65.6% and 34.4%. A cluster analysis showed that membracids from preserved areas in the dry season were more related to the ones from rainy season, highlighting the importance of these areas in the Caatinga for maintenance of these insects, which are strongly associated with their host plants.

Feeding of cuticles from Tenebrio molitor larvae modulates the gut microbiota and attenuates hepatic steatosis in obese Zucker rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armaghan Saeb ◽  
Sarah Maria Grundmann ◽  
Denise K Gessner ◽  
Sven Schuchardt ◽  
Erika Most ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

an alternative and sustainable source of food and feed. A byproduct from mass-rearing of insect larvae are the shed cuticles - the most external components of insects which are a...

scholarly journals Commensal microbiota modulates larval foraging behaviour, development rate and pupal production in Bactrocera tryoni

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Morimoto ◽  
Binh Nguyen ◽  
Shabnam T. Tabrizi ◽  
Ida Lundbäck ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Backround Commensal microbes can promote survival and growth of developing insects, and have important fitness implications in adulthood. Insect larvae can acquire commensal microbes through two main routes: by vertical acquisition from maternal deposition of microbes on the eggshells and by horizontal acquisition from the environment where the larvae develop. To date, however, little is known about how microbes acquired through these different routes interact to shape insect development. In the present study, we investigated how vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota influence larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation and pupal production in the Queensland fruit fly (‘Qfly’), Bactrocera tryoni. Results Both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota were required to maximise pupal production in Qfly. Moreover, larvae exposed to both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota pupated sooner than those exposed to no microbiota, or only to horizontally acquired microbiota. Larval foraging behaviour was also influenced by both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota. Larvae from treatments exposed to neither vertically nor horizontally acquired microbiota spent more time overall on foraging patches than did larvae of other treatments, and most notably had greater preference for diets with extreme protein or sugar compositions. Conclusion The integrity of the microbiota early in life is important for larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation, and pupal production in Qflies. These findings highlight the complexity of microbial relations in this species, and provide insights to the importance of exposure to microbial communities during laboratory- or mass-rearing of tephritid fruit flies.

The Role of Host Plants in the Dynamics of Populations of Heliothis Spp. 1 , 2

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Graham ◽  
N. S. Hernandez ◽  
J. R. Llanes
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

scholarly journals The Biology and Ecology of Heliothis-Armigera (Hubner) and Heliothis-Punctigera Wallengren (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) in Australia - What Do We Know

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Zalucki ◽  
G Daglish ◽  
S Firempong ◽  
P Twine
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Population Biology ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Heliothis Armigera ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The taxonomy and identification of Heliothis armigera and H. punctigera, their distribution and host plants in Australia, the effect of host plant on reproduction and on the development and survival of immature stages, their movements, population biology and dynamics, and their control, are reviewed. Areas where further study is desirable include: the nature of host plant selection and host species preference; adaptability to new cultivars; effects of host plant on development; detailed life-table studies on different host plants; the contribution of predation, parasitism and disease to mortality; factors responsible for fluctuations in populations between years, including the origins of outbreak populations; and control strategies other than insecticide treatment.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Floral Resources and Niche Overlap within an Oil-collecting Bee Guild (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in a Neotropical Savanna

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar ◽  
Juliana Caramés ◽  
Flavio França ◽  
Efigenia Melo
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Floral Resource ◽  
Trophic Niches ◽  
Concentration Levels

Oil bees exploit host plants for resources to feed the adults and offspring, as well as for the construction of their nests. The aim of the current study is to investigate how the species in this guild distribute their foraging effort, and the range in their niche overlap levels. The bees were sampled for six months, during their visits to the flowers in a savanna (“cerrado”). These oil-bee species explored the floral resources provided by 13 plant species. The trophic niche of the most abundant species, Centris aenea Lepeletier, was relatively narrow, similarly to those of Epicharis species. Low overlap of trophic niches (TrNO≤30%) was most commonly found. The distribution of bee visits to the host plants revealed redundancy in the floral resource exploitation. However, the foraging concentration levels in some key plants were different for distinct oil-bee species, and it contributed to the low overlap of niches between many pairs of species

scholarly journals Diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species in French Guiana: their main host plants and associated parasitoids during the period 1994–2003 and prospects for management

Fruits ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Vayssières ◽  
Jean-Pierre Cayol ◽  
Philippe Caplong ◽  
Julien Séguret ◽  
David Midgarden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Main Host

Impact of age, sex, and size on the thermal tolerance of the adult black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
C. Li ◽  
N.F. Addeo ◽  
T.W. Rusch ◽  
A.J. Dickerson ◽  
A.M. Tarone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age And Sex

Thermal stresses from both environmental conditions and organismal crowding are common in mass production of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). In this study, upper and lower critical thermal (CT) limits (i.e. knockdown CTmax and CTmin) for the adult black soldier fly were determined. Impacts of size, age, and sex on these critical temperatures were also assessed. The CTmax ranged from 45.0-51.0 °C with larger and older adults having a ~1 °C higher CTmax than smaller and younger adults. However, no differences in the CTmax were found between sexes, regardless of age or size. The CTmin ranged from 8.0 to 13.0 °C with larger and older females having a ~1 °C higher CTmin than males and smaller or younger females. While reporting the upper and lower critical temperatures, this study also revealed the thermal breadth (i.e. the range of body temperatures over which organisms can locomote) for adult black soldier flies across age, sex, and size. Based on these data, and when recognising not all fly populations are the same, mass-rearing facilities should determine the CTmax and CTmin for their fly population in order to optimise mating and fertile egg production, and ultimately maximise profits and sales. One degree of temperature can be the difference between success and failure in industrialised facilities.

Sesamia cretica. [Distribution map].

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sesamia Cretica ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Sesamia cretica Led. (= S. vuteria(Stoll)) (Lep., Noctuidae) (Durra Stem-borer). Host Plants: Sorghum, maize, millet, wheat and sugar cane. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excel. USSR), Albania, Bulgaria, Corsica, Crete, France, Greece, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excel. USSR), India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sikkim, South Arabian Protectorates, Syria, Turkey, Yemen, USSR, AFRICA, Algeria, Cameroun, Canary Islands, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tripolitania see Libya. Tunisia.

TRICHOGRAMMA SPP. (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE): FIELD HOSTS AND MULTIPLE PARASITISM IN NORTH CAROLINA

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scott Thomson ◽  
R. E. Stinner
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Ecological Association ◽  
Heliothis Spp ◽  
Eastern North Carolina

Trichogramma spp. were reared from eggs of six families of Lepidoptera and two families of Neuroptera, collected from a variety of host plants in campestral habitats of central and eastern North Carolina. The species collected and frequency among 705 parasitized host eggs (mostly Heliothis spp., Ogdoconta cinereola (Guenée), and Diatraea crambidoides (Grote) or Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)) were Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner, 610; T. parkeri Nagarkatti, 30; T. pretiosum Riley, 25; T. maltbyi Nagaraja & Nagarkatti, 9; T. minutum Riley, 8; T. nomlaki Pinto and Oatman, 2; T. nubilale Ertle and Davis, 1. Also, 20 host eggs were parasitized by more than one of these species. The data support the generalization that Trichogramma spp. are highly polyphagous and that a number of species occur in close ecological association.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document