scholarly journals Effectiveness of Three Fruit Seed Extracts as Larvicide against Three Major Mosquito Vectors Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Lame Younoussa ◽  
Kary Mallam Oumarou ◽  
Theodora Kopa Kowa ◽  
Serge Eteme Enama ◽  
Gabriel Agbor Agbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Seed Extracts

The CH2Cl2-MeOH (30:70 v/v) extracts of the seeds of Mangifera indica (Mango), Persea americana (Avocado) and Dacryodes edulis (African plum) were evaluated for potential mosquito larvicidal activity against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae. Extracts were diluted with 1 mL of methanol and concentrations ranging from 1000 to 125 mg/L in 4 replicates each, were prepared in the volume of 100 mL in the plastic cups (250 mL). A volume of 1 mL of methanol added to 99 mL of tap water was prepared as negative control and Bi-one (1000 mg/L) constituted a positive control. In each test solution, 25 larvae of each mosquito species were separately transferred and larval mortality was recorded after 24 h post-treatment. As results, the three plant seed extracts applied at 1000 mg/L caused for at least 79% mortality of each mosquito species larvae assessed. The seed extract of P. americana (LC50 of 98.31, 129.24 and 136.26 mg/L, respectively against An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quiquefasciatus larvae) was the most potent followed by D. edulis (LC50 of 176.87 mg/L for An. gambiae, 198.68 mg/L for Ae. aegypti and 201.70 mg/L for Cx. quinquefasciatus) and M. indica (LC50 of 258.98 mg/L for An. gambiae, 297.35 mg/L for Ae. aegypti and 435.45 mg/L for Cx. quinquefasciatus).  Globally, all the seed extracts were more toxic against An. gambiae larvae compared to other mosquito species and need further exploration for the development of a new botanical larvicide to reduce mosquito densities.

scholarly journals Larvicidal effects of some plant seed extracts on Anopheles annularis Vander Wulp and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
M Nasiruddin ◽  
MA Azadi ◽  
MR Chowdhury ◽  
RAH Tonni
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Seed Extracts

Larvicidal effects of distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol, acetone and methanol extracts on seed of four plants viz. Sinapis alba (Linn.), Carica papaya (Linn.), Momordica charantia (Linn.) and Capsicum annuum (Linn.) were studied upon the mosquito larvae of Anopheles annularis Vander Wulp and Culex quinquefasciatus Say under normal laboratory conditions with average temperature and relative humidity of 31.1oC and 57.6%, respectively. Percentage mortality, probit mortality, chi-square and ANOVA values for the larvae, extracts and concentrations were calculated for 24 hours exposure period. Mortality was dose dependent. The values of LC50 of the seeds of S. alba on An. annularis at the application doses for the distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol, acetone and methanol extracts were 3431.791, 1038.363, 1254.810 and 2269.975 ppm, respectively; for C. papaya were 804.008, 403.294, 597.165 and 573.241 ppm, respectively; for M. charantia were 10593.241, 5017.710, 5650.191 and 6075.204 ppm, respectively; and for C. annuum were 1274.968, 4637.201, 1604.852 and 1905.692 ppm, respectively. The values of LC50 of S. alba seeds on Cx. quinquefasciatus at the application doses for the distilled water, 50% ethyl alcohol, acetone and methanol extracts were 1415.311, 432.996, 569.701 and 770.250 ppm, respectively; for C. papaya were 705.599, 385.688, 341.003 and 481.067 ppm, respectively; for M. charantia were 7764.154, 4496.464, 5353.759 and 5825.031 ppm, respectively; and for C. annuum were 2173.631, 1311.538, 78.748 and 182.869 ppm, respectively. Of the four plant seed extracts, C. papaya seed extracts were the most toxic for both the mosquito species. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(2): 41-52

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activities of Leaf Methanol Extract of Clerodendrum polycephalum Baker against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
F. B. Adewoyin ◽  
A. B. Odaibo ◽  
C. A. Elusiyan ◽  
J. M. Agbedahunsi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

Aim: In a view to determining the capacity of Clerodendrum polycephalum to control mosquitoes, the methanol extract of the leaf was investigated for insecticidal activities using three species of mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus. Methodology: The leaves of C. polycephalum were collected, dried and extracted with methanol.   Mosquito larvae were exposed to different concentrations for 24/48h. and sublethal concentrations (L25, 50, 75) of the extract to determine larvicidal activity and monitor growth and development respectively. Twenty (20) blood-fed female Aedes aegyti mosquitoes were allowed to lay eggs on treated filter papers for antioviposition bioassay. The crude extract was separated into N-hexane, Dichloromethane, ethyl-acetate, ethanol fractions using Vacuum Liquid Chromatography to determine the active fraction. Results: Results showed that larval mortalities were in the order C. quiquefasciatus>A. gambiae>A. aegypti with effective concentration ranging from 250 – 8000 ppm. Mortalities at 48hr were significantly different (p<0.05) from mortalities at 24h. Of the four fractions obtained, ethanol fraction gave the highest larval mortality of 100% at 2000 ppm. Larval duration for all the three species of mosquitoes exposed to the crude extract varied between 2.25±0.5 and 3.25±0.5 days. As Antioviposition Index increased from 46.4 - 89.9, percent hatching of mosquito eggs deceased from 87.25 – 67.5% with increasing concentration. Conclusion: The extract of C. polycephalum was found to contain insecticidal compounds which are soluble in polar solvent. The plant could be exploited in mosquito control programme.

scholarly journals Behavioural response of mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus to synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphorus-based slow-release insecticidal paint

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Dhiman ◽  
Kavita Yadav ◽  
B. N. Acharya ◽  
Raj Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
D. Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Contact Exposure

Abstract Background The direct toxicological impact of insecticides on vector mosquitoes has been well emphasized; however, behavioural responses such as excito-repellency and physical avoidance as a result of insecticide exposure have not been much studied. We have demonstrated the excito-repellency and behavioural avoidance in certain vector mosquito species on exposure to a slow-release insecticidal paint (SRIP) formulation in addition to direct toxicity. Methods A SRIP formulation developed by the Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, contains chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin and pyriproxyfen as active insecticides. Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used to study the excito-repellency response of the formulation. The experiments were performed in a specially designed dual-choice exposure and escape chamber made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate. For the experiments, the SRIP formulation was applied undiluted at a rate of 8 m2 per kg on 15 cm2 metallic surfaces. Mosquitoes were introduced into the exposure chamber, and observations of the movement of mosquitoes into the escape chamber through the exit portal were taken at 1-min intervals for up to 30 min. Results The evaluated formulation displayed strong excito-repellency against all three tested vector mosquito species. Results showed that the ET50 (escape time 50%) for Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus was 20.9 min, 14.5 min and 17.9 min for contact exposure (CE) respectively. Altogether in CE, the escape rates were stronger in An. stephensi mosquitoes at different time intervals compared to Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The probit analysis revealed that the determined ET did not deviate from linearity for both non-contact exposure (NCE) and placebo exposure (PE) (χ2 ≤ 7.9; p = 1.0) for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and for NCE (χ2 = 8.3; p = 1.0) and PE (χ2 = 1.7; p = 1.0) treatments in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality (24 h) was found to be statistically higher (F = 6.4; p = 0.02) in An. stephensi for CE but did not vary for NCE (p ≥ 0.3) and PE (p = 0.6) treatments among the tested mosquito species. Survival probability response suggested that all the three tested species displayed similar survival responses for similar exposures (χ2 ≤ 2.3; p ≥ 0.1). Conclusion The study demonstrates the toxicity and strong behavioural avoidance in known vector mosquito species on exposure to an insecticide-based paint formulation. The combination of insecticides in the present formulation will broaden the overall impact spectrum for protecting users from mosquito bites. The efficacy data generated in the study provide crucial information on the effectiveness of the tested formulation and could be useful in reducing the transmission intensity and disease risk in endemic countries.

Toxicity of Brazilian Plant Seed Extracts to Two Strains of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Nontarget Animals

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Souza ◽  
D. F. Farias ◽  
B. M. Soares ◽  
M. P. Viana ◽  
G.P.G. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Seed Extracts

Production of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 primary powder on media made from locally obtainable Nigerian agricultural products

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. N. Obeta ◽  
Nduka Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
The Media

Five media, formulated from dried cow blood, mineral salts, and seeds from four species of legumes, were assessed for growth, sporulation, and insecticidal properties of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593. Bacterial powders, prepared from broth, were assayed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae, and Aedes aegypti. Good growth and sporulation were obtained with all the media. The highest number of viable cells and spores per millitre (8.6 × 108 and 8.1 × 108) were obtained in media containing ground seeds of Vignia unguiculata, Voandzeia subterranean, and Arachis hypogea. All powders were effective against C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae. Powders from media containing Arachis hypogea were the most effective with LC50's of 4.344 × 10−3 ± 1.650 × 10−4 and 0.193 ± 1.376 × 10−2 μg/mL for C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae, respectively. Aedes aegypti larvae were only slightly susceptible to the powders. This investigation shows that these media can be used for the production of B. sphaericus 1593 primary powder.

Larvicidal potential of selected indigenous lichens against three mosquito species–Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Zameer Ahmed Khader ◽  
Sidhra Syed Zameer Ahmed ◽  
Kisore Perundurai Venkatesh ◽  
Kamaraj Chinnaperumal ◽  
Sanjeeva Nayaka
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Mosquito Species

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF THE ATRAKTA™ MOSQUITO LURE IN COMBINATION WITH DYNATRAP® (MODELS DT160 AND DT700) AND A CDC TRAP (MODEL 512)

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Amy Junnila
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Ammonium Bicarbonate ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Prolonged Storage

The performance of the three-part mosquito lure ATRAKTA (1-octen-3-ol, ammonium bicarbonate, and lactic acid) was evaluated in two DynaTrap commercial mosquito traps (models DT160 and DT700) as well as in one model of CDC trap (model 512). Lures were evaluated fresh from the factory, after being aged in functioning traps under field conditions, and after prolonged storage in the packaging (aged for 30 days aged in functioning traps before being tested in the DynaTrap models; and two years stored in the packaging before being tested in CDC traps). The primary study questions were whether the addition of lures would increase efficacy of various trap types and whether lures would retain effectiveness after a lengthy stay on the shelf or in traps. To do this, traps with no lures, new lures and old lures were used to trap three mosquito species (Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Anopheles gambiae) in the field in West Africa Mali, the first two species are also common North American nuisance mosquitoes. The addition of ATRAKTA lures aged 30 days to both DynaTrap® models, and ATRAKTA lures aged two years in the packaging to the CDC trap significantly increased catches of female Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Aged lures did not significantly lose their attraction in comparison to lures fresh from the factory. The addition of lures to traps resulted in slight increases in catches of An. gambiae, but these were not statistically significant. No effect of any lures on males was observed.

scholarly journals Programmable CRISPR interference for gene silencing using Cas13a in mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Kulkarni ◽  
Wanqin Yu ◽  
Alex Moon ◽  
Ashmita Pandey ◽  
Kathryn A. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Single Strand ◽  
Crispr Interference ◽  
Target Mrna

AbstractIn the CRISPR-Cas systems, Cas13a is an RNA-guided RNA nuclease specifically targeting single strand RNA. We developed a Cas13a mediated CRISPR interference tool to target mRNA for gene silencing in mosquitoes. The machinery was tested in two mosquito species. A Cas13a expressing plasmid was delivered to mosquitoes by intrathoracic injection, and Cas13a transcripts were detectable at least10 days post-delivery. In Anopheles gambiae, vitellogenin gene was silenced by Vg-crRNA injection two hours post-blood meal, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in egg production. In Aedes aegypti, the α- and δ-subunits of COPI genes were silenced by a post-blood meal crRNA injection, which resulted in mortality and fragile midguts, reproducing a phenotype reported previously. Co-silencing genes simultaneously is achievable when a cocktail of target crRNAs is given. No detectable collateral cleavages of non-target transcripts were observed in the study. This study adds a programmable CRISPR tool to manipulate RNA in mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Anopheles Mosquitoes May Drive Invasion and Transmission of Mayaro Virus across Geographically Diverse Regions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brustolin ◽  
Sujit Pujhari ◽  
Cory A. Henderson ◽  
Jason L. Rasgon
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Mayaro Virus

AbstractThe Togavirus (Alphavirus) Mayaro virus (MAYV) was initially described in 1954 from Mayaro County (Trinidad) and has been responsible for outbreaks in South America and the Caribbean. Imported MAYV cases are on the rise, leading to invasion concerns similar to Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Little is known about the range of mosquito species that are competent MAYV vectors. We tested vector competence of 2 MAYV genotypes for six mosquito species (Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, An. stephensi, An. quadrimaculatus, An. freeborni, Culex quinquefasciatus). Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus were poor MAYV vectors, and either were poorly infected or poorly transmitted. In contrast, all Anopheles species were able to transmit MAYV, and 3 of the 4 species transmitted both genotypes. The Anopheles species tested are divergent and native to widely separated geographic regions, suggesting that Anopheles may be important in the invasion and spread of MAYV across diverse regions of the world.

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