Production of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 primary powder on media made from locally obtainable Nigerian agricultural products

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. N. Obeta ◽  
Nduka Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
The Media

Five media, formulated from dried cow blood, mineral salts, and seeds from four species of legumes, were assessed for growth, sporulation, and insecticidal properties of Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593. Bacterial powders, prepared from broth, were assayed against Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae, and Aedes aegypti. Good growth and sporulation were obtained with all the media. The highest number of viable cells and spores per millitre (8.6 × 108 and 8.1 × 108) were obtained in media containing ground seeds of Vignia unguiculata, Voandzeia subterranean, and Arachis hypogea. All powders were effective against C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae. Powders from media containing Arachis hypogea were the most effective with LC50's of 4.344 × 10−3 ± 1.650 × 10−4 and 0.193 ± 1.376 × 10−2 μg/mL for C. quinquefasciatus and A. gambiae, respectively. Aedes aegypti larvae were only slightly susceptible to the powders. This investigation shows that these media can be used for the production of B. sphaericus 1593 primary powder.

scholarly journals Conjugal Transfer of a Toxin-Coding Megaplasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to Mosquitocidal Strains of Bacillus sphaericus

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1766-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Gammon ◽  
Gareth W. Jones ◽  
Steven J. Hope ◽  
Cláudia M. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Lêda Regis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Conjugal Transfer ◽  
Large Plasmid ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Loss ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Both Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produce mosquitocidal toxins during sporulation and are extensively used in the field for control of mosquito populations. All the known toxins of the latter organism are known to be encoded on a large plasmid, pBtoxis. In an attempt to combine the best properties of the two bacteria, an erythromycin resistance-marked pBtoxis plasmid was transferred to B. sphaericus by a mating technique. The resulting transconjugant bacteria were significantly more toxic to Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and were able to overcome resistance to B. sphaericus in a resistant colony of Culex quinquefasciatus, apparently due to the production of Cry11A but not Cry4A or Cry4B. The stability of the plasmid in the B. sphaericus host was moderate during vegetative growth, but segregational instability was observed, which led to substantial rates of plasmid loss during sporulation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Three Fruit Seed Extracts as Larvicide against Three Major Mosquito Vectors Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Lame Younoussa ◽  
Kary Mallam Oumarou ◽  
Theodora Kopa Kowa ◽  
Serge Eteme Enama ◽  
Gabriel Agbor Agbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Seed Extracts

The CH2Cl2-MeOH (30:70 v/v) extracts of the seeds of Mangifera indica (Mango), Persea americana (Avocado) and Dacryodes edulis (African plum) were evaluated for potential mosquito larvicidal activity against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles gambiae. Extracts were diluted with 1 mL of methanol and concentrations ranging from 1000 to 125 mg/L in 4 replicates each, were prepared in the volume of 100 mL in the plastic cups (250 mL). A volume of 1 mL of methanol added to 99 mL of tap water was prepared as negative control and Bi-one (1000 mg/L) constituted a positive control. In each test solution, 25 larvae of each mosquito species were separately transferred and larval mortality was recorded after 24 h post-treatment. As results, the three plant seed extracts applied at 1000 mg/L caused for at least 79% mortality of each mosquito species larvae assessed. The seed extract of P. americana (LC50 of 98.31, 129.24 and 136.26 mg/L, respectively against An. gambiae, Ae. aegypti and Cx. quiquefasciatus larvae) was the most potent followed by D. edulis (LC50 of 176.87 mg/L for An. gambiae, 198.68 mg/L for Ae. aegypti and 201.70 mg/L for Cx. quinquefasciatus) and M. indica (LC50 of 258.98 mg/L for An. gambiae, 297.35 mg/L for Ae. aegypti and 435.45 mg/L for Cx. quinquefasciatus).  Globally, all the seed extracts were more toxic against An. gambiae larvae compared to other mosquito species and need further exploration for the development of a new botanical larvicide to reduce mosquito densities.

Screening of Brazilian Bacillus sphaericus strains for high toxicity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (7) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Monnerat ◽  
S. F. da Silva ◽  
D. S. Dias ◽  
E. S. Martins ◽  
L. B. Praca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
High Toxicity

scholarly journals Study the effect of some plants extracts on growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Comparison with Ethambutol

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Maysoon Sabah Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cultural Media

This study was conducted to investigate the inhibition role of alcoholic extracts of plants Trigonella foenumgraecum , Piper cubeba , Piper nigrum, Camphora , Commiphora molmol, Apium graveolens , Arachis hypogaea , Linum usitatissumun , Cuminum cyminum , Pimpinella anisum , Lepidium sativum , alcoholic extracts of plants used was prepared and used of concentration 200 mg/ml and add 0.2 ml of each extracts to 10 ml of media and 0.2 ml of Ethambutol to 10 ml of media the drug for mycobacteria and media with out any adding for controls. Cultural media were inoculated with 3 drops of bacterial suspension ( 1mg /ml ) in concentration 108 cfu/ml from patient suffering from tuberculosis and after incubation on 37 °C the result read weekly up to 4 weeks . the results showed good growth on the control slopes , which was evident within 2-3 weeks and no growth on the cultural media contain (Arachis hypogea , Cuminum cyminum , Commiphora molmol, Trigonella foenumgraecum , Lepidium sativum , Ethambutol ) it while the media contain (Piper nigrum , Pimpinella anisum showed than 5 colonies the growth inhibition was recorded that means sensitivity of mycobacteria to the extracts mention above, while media contain (Piper cubeba , Camphora , Apium graveolens ). showed growth more than 5 colonies and media contain Linum usitatissumun showed good growth which means resistant of mycobacteria to the extract mentioned above .

scholarly journals Cyt1Ab1 and Cyt2Ba1 from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis Synergize Bacillus sphaericus against Aedes aegypti and Resistant Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 3280-3284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret C. Wirth ◽  
Armelle Del�cluse ◽  
William E. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Subsp

ABSTRACT The interaction of two cytolytic toxins, Cyt1Ab fromBacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellinand Cyt2Ba from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.israelensis, with Bacillus sphaericus was evaluated against susceptible and resistant Culex quinquefasciatus and the nonsensitive species Aedes aegypti. Mixtures of B. sphaericus with either cytolytic toxin were synergistic, and B. sphaericusresistance in C. quinquefasciatus was suppressed from >17,000- to 2-fold with a 3:1 mixture of B. sphaericusand Cyt1Ab. This trait may prove useful for combating insecticide resistance and for improving the activity of microbial insecticides.

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