scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind on Prednisolone Suppressed Immunity in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nyejirime Young Wike ◽  
Mobisson Samuel Kelechi ◽  
Godspower Onyeso ◽  
Okekem Amadi ◽  
Elizabeth Eepho Krukru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Citrullus lanatus thumb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called watermelon is widely consumed in this part of the world as food and medicine. This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind on prednisolone suppressed immunity in male wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 150-294g were used in 4 groups with five rats each. Group 1, the control group was given distilled water and feed, Group 2 was given 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind, Group 3 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and Group 4 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind. Prednisolone and the methanolic extract of watermelon rind were administered orally for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio puncture from the rats for white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and granulocyte and monocyte counts at the end of the experiment.  The data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Data were considered significant at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that methanolic extract of watermelon rind caused a significant increasen in immune function of rats when compared with the control and immune suppressed rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Solanum gilo leaf extract on some haematological indices of albino Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Nsimah Monday Essien ◽  
Justina Nwadimma Nwangwa ◽  
Charles Cyprian Mfem ◽  
Johnbull Martins Uket ◽  
Efiok Aniekan Archibong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Haematological Indices

Solanum gilo (eggplant) is an edible vegetable whose leaf is reported to possess numerous medicinal properties due to its rich constituents. Against this backdrop, there is possibility that its consumption may have effect on haematological indices. Therefore this research sought to assess the effect of Solanum gilo leaf diet on some haemotological indices of albino wistar rats. About twenty four (24) albino wistar rats weighing between 120-150mg were randomly assigned into four groups of six animals each. Each rat was allowed to drinking water ad labitum. Control group received normal rodent chow while group 2 was fed 5% Solanum gilo diet. Group 3 was fed 10% Solanum gilo diet and group 4 received 20% Solanum gilo diet. The different diets were prepared by mixing different proportions of ground S. gilo leaves with rodent chow. Automated blood cell analyzer (Model PCE 210, Japan) was used for analysis of haematological parameters. Preliminary study on its proximate composition, showed the appreciable presence of crude fat, protein, fibre and carbohydrate. Consumption of S. gilo caused significant improvement in some blood parameters; notably packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts. Hence, eggplant is a nutritious vegetable with healing, the therapeutic and immunity properties. If exploited in human diet has the potentials of improving quality of life.

scholarly journals Ruellia tuberosa L. Extract Improves Histopathology and Lowers Malondialdehyde Levels and TNF Alpha Expression in the Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Roosdiana ◽  
Fajar Shodiq Permata ◽  
Riera Indah Fitriani ◽  
Khairul Umam ◽  
Anna Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Ruellia tuberosa L. is a therapeutic plant that is generally consumed in Indonesian traditional medicine to prevent or cure various illnesses, i.e., diabetes. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroethanolic root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. on the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy rats (group 1), diabetic rats (group 2), and treated rats which received extract at dosages of 250 (group 3), 375 (group 4), and 500 (group 5) mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by the administration of five doses of streptozotocin 20 mg/kg body weight within five consecutive days. Significant increases in the value of TNF alpha expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Furthermore, severe histological alterations of kidney tissues occurred in the diabetic rats group. After treatment was applied, the value of TNF alpha expression and MDA levels on the kidney decreased considerably p < 0.05 in groups 3, 4, and 5. The optimum dosage was obtained at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (group 3), which had 42.24% and 52.70% decrease in TNF alpha expression and MDA levels, respectively. The histopathological profiles of the kidney also showed significant improvements in treated groups. The most prominent recoveries were also shown in group 3. The treatments induced repairment in the glomerular and renal tubular damages in the kidney tissues. To conclude, these results emphasize potentially health valuable properties of hydroethanolic root extracts of R. tuberosa L. in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effect of Artemisia vulgaris extract against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis in Balb C mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ali ◽  
M. Ejaz ◽  
K. K. Dar ◽  
S. Nasreen ◽  
N. Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Artemisia Vulgaris ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Abstract The main objective of current study was to investigate the chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity of Artemisia vulgaris extract on diethylnitrosoamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in Balb C mice. Diethylnitrosoamine (DEN: 0.9%) was prepared to induce hepatocarcinoma in Balb C mice. The extract Artemisia vulgaris (AV) was prepared by maceration technique. Mice were classified into four groups as follows: Group 1 a control group (N=7) received saline solution (3.5 μl/mg), group 2 (N=14) received diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) intraperitoneally once in a week for eight consecutive weeks, group 3 (N=7) received only plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (Body weight) once in a week, while group 4 (N=7) was given in combination of diethylnitrosoamine (3.5 μl/mg) and plant extract (AV: 150 mg/kg (body weight). After eight weeks of DEN administration, mice of group 2 were divided into two subgroups containing seven mice each; subgroup 1 was sacrificed while subgroup 2 was treated with plant extract only (150 mg/kg (body weight)) once in a week for eight consecutive weeks. The DEN injected mice significant decline in levels of albumin with concomitant significant elevations such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alpha feto protein, gamma glutamyl transferase, 5 nucleotidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and bilirubin. The administration of A. vulgaris significantly decreased the DEN induced hepatotoxicity. Present study revealed the potential anti-cancerous nature of Artemisia vulgaris, both in case of chemopreventive and post-treatment of A. vulgaris. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanism of prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Oral Administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on Obesity in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Mulyati Sri Rahayu ◽  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Yuziani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely employed food enhancers. Although the umami compound, controversy persists regarding the effects of MSG intake on body weight. Chronic MSG intake may result in excessive body weight gain and obesity. Consumption of MSG result in organ damage, cardiovascular disease, oxidative stress, and also risk factors for obesity. This study aims to determine the effect of oral MSG on obesity in adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Methods: This true experimental study used the post-test control group design. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received distilled water), Group 1 (MSG 0.378 mg/gr BW), Group 2 (0.756 mg/gr BW) and Group 3 (1.512 mg/gr BW). The obesity parameter was obtained by the Lee index. Kruskal-Wallis test follows by Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the Lee index between groups.Results: Lee’s index mean for each group was 358.4%, 314.1%, 287.8%, and 320.9%, respectively. The Kruskal Wallis test showed a significant difference in the Lee index between groups (p = 0.043). A follow-up test using Mann-Whitney found a significant difference between group 2 and the control group (p = 0.043, p <0.05). The mean of Lee index of group 2 was 70.51% lower than the control group.Conclusion: This study concluded that Lee index was not increased in MSG-treated rats than in the control group after oral MSG intervention for 21 days.

scholarly journals Effects of Methanolic Root Extract of Holarrhena floribunda on the Lipid Profile and Sex Hormones in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dennis, Amaechi ◽  
E. O. Udosen ◽  
V. S. Ekam ◽  
I. P. Ekpe
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of methanolic root extract of Holarrehna floribunda on the level of some serum sex hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, progesterone and lipid profile in Wistar rats.   Materials and Methods: Twenty- four male and female Wistar rats (150-250 g body weight) were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 (control male) took normal rat chow and drinking water. Group 2 (control female) took normal rat chow and drinking water, Group 3(Male test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda extract, Group 4(Female test group), was administered with 200 mg/kg of Holarrehna floribunda. The feeding regimens lasted for 5weeks. Results: The values for the lipid profile shows CHOL in Group 1 and Group 3 were 4.02±0.41 mmol/l  and 5.75±0.09 mmol/l, Group 2 and Group 4 were 3.87±0.22 mmol/l  and 5.80±0.10 mmol/l  respectively, TRIG  for Group 1 and Group 3 were 1.30±0.05 mmol/l  and 2.11±0.15 mmol/l  for Groups 2 and 4 were 1.15±0.03 mmol/l  and (2.10±0.12 mmol/l,HDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 30.01±0.82 mg/dL  and 39.88± 1.24mg/dL,for Groups 2 and 4 were 29.98± 0.77 mg/dL  and 38.20± 1.83 mg/dL, LDL-C for Groups 1 and 3 were 2.26±0.37 mmol/L  and 4.17±0.35 mmol/L respectively, for Groups 2 and 4 were 3.27±0.47 mmol/L  and 4.06±0.21 mmol/L  respectively, shows significant increase(p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3 and 4.The values obtained showed significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL-C (mg/dL) in Groups 1,2,3and 4The serum concentrations of FSH, Estradiol, LH and progesterone in the control Group 2 were 0.38 ±0.07mIU/mL, 7.83±0.35 mIU/mL, 15.50±0.15 Pg/mL and 0.86±0.03 ng/mL respectively, and in test Group 4 were 0.77±0.04mIU/mL, 8.75±0.17 mIU/mL, 21.09±0.79 Pg/Ml 0.33±0.05 ng/mL. Follicle stimulating hormone levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) in test group compared with control. While in Group 1 and 3, the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in control Group 1 were (0.51 ±0.06) mIU/mL, (16.44±0.31) mIU/mL and (8.41±0.50) ng/mL respectively and in test Group 3 were 0.88±0.06 mIU/mL19.88±1.46mIU/mL and10.68±0.64 ng/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The extract improves the level of sex hormones in both the male and female rats.  which could enhance reproductive functions in normal rats and those with loss of reproductive function.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of various analgesic drugs in Wistar rats used as a teaching tool to teach animal experiments to post graduate MD Pharmacology students

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Mirza Atif Beg ◽  
Shakti Bala Dutta ◽  
Hitender Kumar ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Shalu Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

 Background: Postgraduates when join Pharmacology department, they don’t have much idea about guidelines and methods to do animal experiments. This study was designed to sensitize postgraduate students to animal experiments by evaluating the anti-inflammatory effects and the efficacy of diclofenac, tramadol and etoricoxib in reducing paw edema in wistar rats.Methods: The wistar rats of 225-250gram were divided into four groups (n=10 each). In all the groups the paw edema on right paw was created using 0.1ml of 1% formalin subcutaneously. Group 1 rats (control), group 2 were given diclofenac, group 3 were given tramadol and group 4 were given etoricoxib orally. The parameters assessed were water displacement in plethysmography after 2, 4, 24, 48 hours of giving the drug. The circumference of edematous paws after 4 hours, licking of paw was observed over 30minutes of giving the drug and was compared. Pre and post study feedback were obtained from the students by using a preformed questionnaire to assess the knowledge gained by the students.Results: The test showed that all the drugs were effective in reducing inflammation, circumference of edema and the licking duration significantly (p<0.05). The post study answering of questions by postgraduate was 100% in comparison to pre-study answering which was 33%.Conclusions: A short animal study conducted as a teaching tool to postgraduate students was able to teach the guidelines of animal experiments and handling of animals effectively.

scholarly journals Empagliflozin Effectively Attenuates Olanzapine-Induced Body Weight Gain in Female Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Md Ashraf ◽  
Badrah S. Alghamdi ◽  
Fahad S. Alshehri ◽  
Mohammad Zubair Alam ◽  
Haythum O. Tayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Control ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are commonly associated with undesirable side effects including body weight gain (BWG) and metabolic deficits. Many pharmacological interventions have been tested in an attempt to minimize or prevent these side effects. Preliminary evidence suggests that antidiabetic drugs may be effective in attenuating antipsychotic-induced BWG. In the current study, we examined the effect of an antidiabetic drug empagliflozin (EMPA) on BWG induced by anatypical antipsychotic drug olanzapine (Ola) in female and male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into six groups based on the dose they received: group 1 (female control), group 2 (female EMPA, 20 mg/kg; IG), group 3 (female Ola, 4 mg/kg; IP), group 4 (female Ola, 4 mg/kg; IP + EMPA, 20 mg/kg; IG), group 5 (male control), and group 6 (male Ola, 4 mg/kg; IP). Ola induced sustained increase in BWG. The subsequent treatment of Group 3 and 4 with EMPA attenuated the Ola-induced BWG in female Wistar rats. In terms of the gender difference between female and male Wistar rats, the male control group 5 gained more weight throughout the study as compared to the female control group 1. Similarly, the male Ola group 6 gained more weight throughout the study as compared to the female Ola group 3. However, Ola did not cause any weight difference between male rats treated with Ola in comparison with male control group, thus showing a significant gender difference regarding body weight between male and female Wistar rats regardless of Ola administration. In addition, the present findings showed that EMPA effectively attenuates the Ola induced BWG in female Wistar rats. These novel findings should help to better understand the underlying molecular and behavioral mechanisms contributing to the observed increase in body weight after treatment with Ola and other atypical antipsychotic drugs across male and female rats.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Assessment of Chronic Abuse of Pregabalin in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Neveen A. Salem ◽  
Amani M. Alsaedi ◽  
Bedor G. Alasmari ◽  
Razan Z. Almarghalani ◽  
Shahad M. Algobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Antioxidant Markers

Pregabalin (Lyrica) is an analog of the gamma-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter,   approved for the treatment of epilepsy, generalized anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. The possibility for abuse and/or dependence on pregabalin has risen recently. Pregabalin is controlled in many countries including Saudi Arabia. However, unofficial use of this substance is also on the increase. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential neurotoxic effects associated with overdose prolonged pregabalin supplementation. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into Group (1) normal control received distilled water, Group (2) received pregabalin (150mg/kg), Group (3) received pregabalin (300 mg/kg), and Group (4) received pregabalin (600 mg/kg). pregabalin consumption in different doses resulted in significant dysregulation in neurotransmitter release, upsurge oxidative stress markers via enhancing lipid peroxidation and depleting antioxidant markers. Also, pregabalin doses evoked brain tissue inflammation through elevating TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1, Moreover promoted brain tissue apoptosis by activating caspase -3 and suppressed Bcl2. Pregabalin effects on the aforementioned parameters were dose-dependent. These findings could highlight the potential neurotoxic effect of prolonged abuse of pregabalin supplementation through dysregulating brain neurochemical, inflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant, and apoptotic mediators.

scholarly journals Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on Cytokine Levels and Haemostatic and Biochemical Parameters in A Rat Endotoxaemic Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Ramazan Col ◽  
Zafer Durgun
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Abstract The presented study was planned to determine whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could prevent cytokine haemostatic, haematological, and biochemical disturbances in LPS-treated rats. Adult male Wistar rats (weight range: 200-250 g) were used. The study included four groups: group 1 served as a control group (C); animals in group 2 were given intravenously 1.6 mg/100 g of LPS (E. coli, serotype 0.111:B4); in group 3, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 25 ng/kg of VIP; in group 4, the same doses of VIP and LPS were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after treatments. In endotoxaemic rats, platelet count, fibrinogen, and antithrombin levels were decreased, the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged, and leucopoenia, as well as significant changes in differential leukocyte percentage were demonstrated. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma TNF- , IL-6, and IL-10 levels, and AST, ALT, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations. However, it caused a statistically significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels when compared to control group. The results showed that during endotoxaemia, VIP had moderately therapeutic effect as an antiinflammatory agent, suppressing TNF-α and IL-6, and stimulating IL-10; however, it was not effective against the adverse effect of LPS on investigated haematological and biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Assessment of histo-reparative effect of methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis in rat model of Lead-induced testicular damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Dayo Rotimi Omotoso ◽  
Adeniran Oluwadamilare Akinola ◽  
Winners Prince Ehiemere
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Reparative Effect

Objective: To assess reparative effect of methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis on testicular histomorphology of male Wistar rats exposed to lead-induced testicular damage.  Methods: Twenty four male Wistar rats were grouped into four A–D (n = 6). These include normal control group A (distilled water 5 ml/kg), test control group B (lead acetate 30 mg/kg), treatment group C (lead acetate 30 mg/kg + MECS 5 mg/kg) and treatment group D (lead acetate 30 mg/kg + MECS 10 mg/kg). Administrations were through oral route for a period of 60 days and body weight of study animals was recorded during days 0, 20, 40 and 60 of study. Phytochemical analysis of extract was done using GCMS. At the end of sudy, testicular tissue weight of study animals was measured followed by histopathological study. Results: The extract significantly ameliorated body weight loss and exhibited histo-reparative effect on testicular histomorphology of study animals following lead exposure. Conclusion: Methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis exhibits reparative effect against toxic effect of tissue toxicant due to its antioxidant activity. Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Lead toxicity, Testis histomorphology, Wistar rats

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