scholarly journals Cell Membrane Stability as a Measure of Heat Tolerance in Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Ali Bakhsh ◽  
Muhammad Zubair
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Morphological Differences

A comparison was made of the physiological and morphological differences between Inqlab-91 (hexaploid) and Langdon (tetralpoid) wheat genotypes in response to high temperature stress applied at third leaf stage of growth. Electrolytes leakage technique was used to detect differences in the heat sensitivities of leaves of Inqlab-91 and Langdon. This method showed that at both 35 or 40°C Inqlab-91 was more heat tolerant than Langdon.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heat-tolerance Potential in QTL Introgressed Lines of Hybrid Rice Restorer, KMR-3R through PS-II Efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
V. Jaldhani ◽  
D. Sanjeeva Rao ◽  
P. Beulah ◽  
B. Srikanth ◽  
P. R. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Aims: To assess heat-induced PSII damage and efficiency in eight promising backcross introgression lines (BC2F6) of KMR-3R/N22 possessing qHTSF1.1 and qHTSF4.1. Study Design:  Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad India during wet/rainy (Kharif) season 2018. Methodology: Eight ILs (BC2F6) and parents were evaluated for heat tolerance. The high- temperature stress was imposed by enclosing the crop with a poly cover tent (Polyhouse) just before the anthesis stage. The fluorescence parameters viz., maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), Electron transport rate (ETR), effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) and coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN) were measured under ambient and high-temperature stress. Results: The heat-tolerance potential of ILs was assessed in terms of PSII activity. The results indicated that significant differences were observed between treatments (T), genotypes (G) and the interaction between T × G.  The physiological basis of introgressed QTLs controls the spikelet fertility by maintaining the productive and adaptive strategies in heat-tolerant QTL introgressed lines with stable photosynthetic apparatus (PSII) under high-temperature stress. Conclusion: The Fv/Fm ratio denotes the maximum quantum yield of PSII. The heat-tolerant QTL introgressed lines exhibited stable photosynthetic apparatus (PSII) and noted better performance under high-temperature stress. They may be used as donors for fluorescence traits in breeding rice for high-temperature tolerance.

Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterisation of rice mutants revealed the key role of reactive oxygen species and catalase in high-temperature stress tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zia-ul- Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Climatic variations have increased the occurrence of heat stress during critical growth stages, which negatively affects grain yield in rice. Plants adapt to harsh environments, and particularly high-temperature stress, by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. The identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular indices. Estimates of variance components revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interactions for almost all traits. The principal component analysis showed significant diversity among genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant HTT-121 was identified as the most heat-tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice during early growth. Notably, heat-sensitive mutants accumulated reactive oxygen species, reduced catalase activity and upregulated OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key roles in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and to develop mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.

scholarly journals Impedance Flow Cytometry for Selection of Pollen Traits Under High Temperature Stress in Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Shih-wei Lin ◽  
Tsung-han Lin ◽  
Cynthia Kung Man Yee ◽  
Joyce Chen ◽  
Yen-wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature stress is a major limiting factor for pepper productivity, which will continue to be a problem under climate change scenarios. Developing heat tolerant cultivars is critical for sustained pepper production, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In fruiting crops, like pepper, reproductive tissues, especially pollen, are the most sensitive to high temperature stress. Typically, pollen viability and germination are assessed through staining and microscopy, which is tedious and potentially inaccurate. To increase efficiency in assessing pollen traits of pepper, the use of impedance flow cytometry (IFC) has been proposed. We conducted three independent experiments to determine the most effective methodology to use IFC for evaluating pollen traits for heat tolerance in pepper. Seven floral developmental stages were evaluated, and stages 3, 4, and 5 were found to best combine high pollen concentration and activity. Flowers in development stages 3, 4, or 5 were then heat treated at 41, 44, 47, 50, and 55 °C or not heat treated (control). The critical temperature to assess heat tolerance using IFC was found to be 50 °C, with a reduction in pollen activity and concentration occurring at temperatures greater than 47 °C. Twenty-one entries of pepper were then accessed for pollen traits using the staining and IFC methods over 2 months, April (cooler) and June (hotter). Growing environment was found to be the greatest contributor to variability for nearly all pollen traits assessed, with performance during June nearly always being lower. PBC 507 and PBC 831 were identified as being new sources of heat tolerance, based on using IFC for assessing pollen. Pollen viability determined by staining and pollen activity determined using IFC were significantly positively correlated, indicating that IFC is an efficient and accurate method to assess pollen traits in pepper. This work provides a basis for further research in this area and supports more efficient breeding of heat-tolerant cultivars.

scholarly journals Nanopore-Based Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanism of High-Temperature Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Yajun Liang ◽  
Zhaolong Gong ◽  
Junduo Wang ◽  
Juyun Zheng ◽  
Yizan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Signaling Transduction ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Extreme high temperatures are threatening cotton production around the world due to the intensification of global warming. To cope with high-temperature stress, heat-tolerant cotton cultivars have been bred, but the heat-tolerant mechanism remains unclear. This study selected heat-tolerant (‘Xinluzao36′) and heat-sensitive (‘Che61-72′) cultivars of cotton treated with high-temperature stress as plant materials and performed comparative nanopore sequencing transcriptome analysis to reveal the potential heat-tolerant mechanism of cotton. Results showed that 120,605 nonredundant sequences were generated from the raw reads, and 78,601 genes were annotated. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that a total of 19,600 DEGs were screened; the DEGs involved in the ribosome, heat shock proteins, auxin and ethylene signaling transduction, and photosynthesis pathways may be attributed to the heat tolerance of the heat-tolerant cotton cultivar. This study also predicted a total of 5118 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)and 24,462 corresponding target genes. Analysis of the target genes revealed that the expression of some ribosomal, heat shock, auxin and ethylene signaling transduction-related and photosynthetic proteins may be regulated by lncRNAs and further participate in the heat tolerance of cotton. This study deepens our understandings of the heat tolerance of cotton.

scholarly journals Agronomic, physiological and molecular characterization of rice mutants revealed key role of ROS and catalase in high temperature stress tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Adeel Zafar ◽  
Amjad Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Abdus Salam Khan ◽  
Zia-ul-Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Heat Tolerant

AbstractPlants adapt to harsh environments particularly high temperature stress by regulating their physiological and biochemical processes, which are key tolerance mechanisms. Thus, identification of heat-tolerant rice genotypes and reliable selection indices are crucial for rice improvement programs. Here, we evaluated the response of a rice mutant population for high-temperature stress at the seedling and reproductive stages based on agronomic, physiological and molecular traits. The estimate of variance components revealed significant differences (P<0.001) among genotypes, treatments and their interaction for almost all traits. Principal component analysis showed significant diversity among the genotypes and traits under high-temperature stress. The mutant ‘HTT-121’ was identified as the most heat tolerant mutant with higher grain yield, panicle fertility, cell membrane thermo-stability (CMTS) and antioxidant enzyme levels under heat stress conditions. Various seedling-based morpho-physiological traits (leaf fresh weight, relative water contents, malondialdehyde, CMTS) and biochemical traits (superoxide dismutase, catalase and hydrogen peroxide) explained variations in grain yield that could be used as selection indices for heat tolerance in rice at early growth stages. Notably, heat sensitive mutants showed a significant accumulation of ROS level, reduced activities of catalase and upregulation of OsSRFP1 expression under heat stress, suggesting their key role in regulating heat tolerance in rice. The heat-tolerant mutants identified in this study could be used in breeding programs and the development of mapping populations to unravel the underlying genetic architecture for heat-stress adaptability.Summary text for table of contentsHeat stress probably due to changing climate scenario has become a serious threat for global rice production. On the other side, efforts to develop high yielding cultivars have led to the reduced genetic variability to withstand harsh environmental conditions. This study aimed to identify novel heat tolerant mutants developed through gamma irradiation which will provide a unique genetic resource for breeding programs. Further, we have identified reliable selection indices for screening heat-tolerant rice germplasm at early growth stages.

Biochemical and molecular responses of herbaceous peony to high temperature stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Qing Wu ◽  
Da-Qiu Zhao ◽  
Chen-Xia Han ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Heat Tolerant

To clarify the theoretical basis of the differences in high temperature stress tolerance among herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), we investigated the heat injury index of twelve P. lactiflora cultivars. Of these, heat-tolerant ‘Zifengyu’ and moderately heat-tolerant ‘Hongyanzhenghui’ were selected to study the biochemical and molecular responses to high temperature stress. ‘Zifengyu’ had reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased soluble sugar, chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, Chl a + b. and carotenoid contents, as well as elevated antioxidant enzymes activities, photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and relatively intact cellular structures compared with ‘Hongyanzhenghui’, especially when the temperature was the highest. Additionally, we isolated partial cDNAs of two heat shock protein genes (HSP60 and HSP90) from P. lactiflora, which were 880-bp and 1077-bp nucleotides in length, respectively. The expression levels of PlHSP60, PlHSP70 and PlHSP90 were lower in ‘Zifengyu’ than in ‘Hongyanzhenghui’ for the first three of four developmental stages examined. These results indicated that heat-tolerant P. lactiflora cultivar could effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), protect cellular structures, reduce thermal damage and delay the death of plants by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities and HSP expression under high temperature stress. These findings provide a theoretical basis for breeding heat-tolerant P. lactiflora cultivars.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Sage Plants (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia elegans Vahl) under High-Temperature Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2110
Author(s):  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Tse-Yen Lin ◽  
Chun-Wei Wu ◽  
Yu-Sen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Time Intervals

High-temperature stress is a major risk to fresh-market Salvia production, and heat intolerance is a major constraint in sage cultivation, particularly during the hot summer season. Previously, we investigated heat tolerance in five common-market cultivars of sage plants using leaf relative injury (RI) values and found that S. elegans Vahl (SE) and S. officinalis L. (SO) were the most and least heat-tolerant species, respectively. The exogenous applications of salicylic acid (SA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) to alleviate heat stress in various species have been extensively studied, but reports of the effects of SA and CaCl2 treatments on the heat tolerance of sage plants are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate how SA and CaCl2 affect the physiology and morphology of SE and SO plants under high-temperature conditions. Potted plants were pretreated with SA (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μM) and CaCl2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 mM), alone and combined, exposed to 55 °C and 80% humidity for 30 min, then placed in an environment-controlled chamber at 30°C for three days and evaluated for changes in phenotypic appearance, RI, spectral reflectance, and chlorophyll fluorescence indices at different time intervals. Plants watered without chemical solutions were used as controls. Our results show that the growth of SO plants pretreated with SA and CaCl2 was more robust, compared with control plants, which were considerably affected by heat stress, resulting in brown, withered leaves and defoliation. The effects of the combined applications of SA (100 μM) and CaCl2 (5 mM) to SO plants were superior to control plants in increasing values of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and the maximal quantum yield of photosystemII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), while reducing RI%. Furthermore, SO plants exhibited higher SPAD and Fv/Fm values and lower RI% than SE plants in combined treatments at all time intervals after heat stress, implying that different genotypes displayed variations in their SPAD, Fv/Fm, and RI%. Thus, a combined treatment of 100 μM of SA and 5 mM of CaCl2 is effective and beneficial to plant appearance and ability to ameliorate heat stress. These indices can be used as indicators to characterize the physiology of these plants and applied on a commercial scale for informing the development of rapid and precise management practices on bedded sage plants grown in plant factories to achieve maximum market benefit.

scholarly journals Cell Membrane Stability and Relative Cell Injury in Response to Heat Stress during Early and Late Seedling Stages of Diverse Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1446-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneela Nijabat ◽  
Adam Bolton ◽  
Muhammad Mahmood-ur-Rehman ◽  
Adeel Ijaz Shah ◽  
Rameez Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Heat waves occur with more regularity and they adversely affect the yield of cool season crops including carrot (Daucus carota L.). Heat stress influences various biochemical and physiological processes including cell membrane permeability. Ion leakage and increase in cell permeability are indicators of cell membrane stability and have been used to evaluate the stress tolerance response in numerous crops and inform plant breeders for improving heat tolerance. No study has been published about the effects of heat stress on cell membrane stability and relative cell injury of carrot. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate these stress indicators in response to heat stress at the early and late seedling developmental stages of 215 diverse accessions of wild and cultivated carrot germplasm. The article identifies the relationship between early and late stages of seedling tolerance across carrot genotypes and identifies heat-tolerant genotypes for further genetic analysis. Significant genetic variation among these stress indicators was identified with cell membrane stability and relative cell injury ranging from 6.3% to 97.3% and 2.8% to 76.6% at the early seedling stage, respectively; whereas cell membrane stability and relative cell injury ranged from 2.0% to 94.0% and 2.5% to 78.5%, respectively, at the late seedling stage under heat stress. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.64 to 0.91 for traits of interest under study, which indicates a relatively strong contribution of genetic factors in phenotypic variation among accessions. Heat tolerance varied widely among both wild and cultivated accessions, but the incidence of tolerance was higher in cultivated carrots than in wild carrots. The cultivated carrot accessions PI 326009 (Uzbekistan), PI 451754 (Netherlands), L2450 (USA), and PI 502654 (Pakistan) were identified as the most heat-tolerant accessions with highest cell membrane stability. This is the first evaluation of cell membrane stability and relative cell injury in response to heat stress during carrot development.

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