scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Specifications of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W. T. Aiton Leaf and Tribulus terrestris L. Fruit: Important Medicinal Plants Used in Veterinary Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
. Monika ◽  
. Akanksha ◽  
Snigdha Lal
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Veterinary Products

Present article deals with the pharmacognostic specification of selected medicinal plants used in veterinary products for the purpose of their standardization, as evidential support concerning quality determination of plant material in veterinary medicine is scarce and there is poor documentation on primary studies of many species. The plants undertaken for the study were Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) and Tribulus terresteris (Zygophyllaceae) on the basis of their usage relevance in veterinary products. Both plants are official in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.  Morphology as well as various pharmacognostic aspects of different parts of the plant were studied and have been described, which will help in authentication and quality control. The observed microscopic characters of Calotropis procera leaf were rubiaceous type apostomatic stomata, epidermis, collenchymas, parenchyma, vascular bundles, palisade cells, cortical fibres and lamina, trichomes on the cuticle of lamina. Microscopic characteristics of Tribulus terrestris fruit were epicarp cells showing clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, xylem vessels, group of thin walled sclerenchymatous fibres, group of stone cells of mesocarp. Powder microscopy of the Tribulus terrestris fruit shows abundance of epidermal trichomes - simple, short, long, thick walled, multicellular covered trichomes, sclereids. The qualitative microscopic features would prove useful for laying down their pharmacopoeial standards. The present study also provides the information with respect to identification and authentication of crude drug and serves as a reference point for the proper identification of Calotropis procera leaf and Tribulus terrestris fruit, thereby contributing to the scientific world of research.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Study of Indigenous Medicinal Plants of Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taieb Tounekti ◽  
Mosbah Mahdhi ◽  
Habib Khemira
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Tribal Communities

For a long time, the people of Saudi Arabia have been using medicinal plants (MPs) as conventional medicine to heal diverse human and livestock diseases. The present work is the first study on ethnobotanical uses of 124 MPs species used by the local tribal communities of Jazan province in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia. Ethnobotanical data were collected by interviewing 174 local informants using semistructured interviews. Informants of different ages, from several settlements belonging to several tribal communities, were interviewed. It is worth noticing that the age of informants and their knowledge of MPs were positively correlated, whereas the educational level and MP knowledge of participants were negatively correlated. To find out if there was agreement in the use of certain plants in the treatment of given ailments, we used Informant Consensus Factor (ICF). To determine the most frequently used plant species for treating a particular ailment category by local people we used the fidelity level (FL%). The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) was used to indicate the local importance of a species and the relative importance (RI) level was used to check the therapeutic potentials of the cited plants. A total of 124 MPs belonging to 103 genera and 48 families were collected and identified. The majority of these plants were shrubs (45%), perennial herbs (21%), annual herbs (19%), or trees (18%). The Asteraceae (10.48%), Fabaceae (7.25%), and Apocynaceae (7.25%) families were the most represented. Leaves, fruits, and whole plant (24%, 18%, and 16%, respectively) were the most used plant parts in formulating traditional medicines.Ziziphus spina-christiandCalotropis procerawith the highest RI level (2.0) were found to have the highest range of therapeutic uses. They were followed byDatura stramonium(1.86),Withania somnifera,andAloe vera(1.81). The ICF ranged from 0.02 to 0.42 covering 12 disease categories with a prevalence of disease categories related to skin and hair problems (ICF=0.42) having 75 species cited, while 73 species were cited for gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders (ICF = 0.40).Senna alexandrina(67%),Tribulus terrestris(64%),Pulicaria undulata(60%),Leptadenia pyrotechnica(55%), andRumex nervosus(55%) had the highest FL which indicates their good healing potential against specific diseases. The high-FL species are the most promising candidate plants for in-depth pharmacological screening and merit further consideration. Accordingly, Jazan flora has good ethnobotanical potential. Unfortunately, many MP species are endangered by drought, overgrazing, and overexploitation. Some protection measures should be undertaken to prevent these species from becoming extinct. Natural reserves and wild nurseries are typical settings to retain medically important plants in their natural habitats, while botanic gardens and seed banks are important paradigms forex situconservation.

scholarly journals Determination of flavonoids and polyphenols in veterinary products

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Varga Erzsébet ◽  
Fülöp Ibolya ◽  
Croitoru Mircea Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Veterinary Products ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract According to the 8th Hungarian Pharmacopoeia, propylene glycol can be chosen as solvent over ethyl alcohol for use in food supplements, therefore, the concentration of flavonoids and polyphenols in medicinal plants is measured using propylene glycol extracts. Samples of seven products, used in veterinary medicine, known to be rich in polyphenols and flavonoids were chosen to verify the usefulness of propylene glycol as extraction solvent. The polyphenol measurements were carried out using the Folin-Ciocâlteu method and the total flavonoid content was established using the modified method from the 10th Romanian Pharmacopoeia, Cynarae folium monograph. Propylene glycol/water mixture (70%/30%), used as extraction solvent for medicinal plants rich in flavonoids and polyphenols, proved to be useful for extraction of these valuable active substances and correlates with the known amounts stated previously to be present in these vegetable materials. Results were in correlation with literature data, concentrations ranged between 0.05 and 0.07 mg/ml (immediately after preparation), 0.02 and 0.08 mg/ml (within six months following preparation) in case of flavonoids and 2.44 and 3.80 mg/ml (immediately after preparation), 1.20 and 2.18 mg/ml (within six months following preparation) in case of polyphenols.

Extraction and Phytochemicals Determination of Traditional Medicinal Plants for Anti-microbial Susceptibility Test

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firew Admasu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Health Care ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract: The study were conducted at Dilla University, College of Natural Sciences, Biological Sciences laboratories. Background: Ethiopia is a country with many ethnic groups, cultures and beliefs which in turn have contributed to the high diversity of traditional health care knowledge and practices of traditional medicine from local growth plants, animals and minerals for various physical and mental disorders of human and livestock population that passed from generation to generation for centuries. Medicinal plants contributors to pharmaceutical, agricultural and food industries in the world. The use of medicinal plants in the industrialized societies has been traced to extraction and development of several drugs used in order to heel some diseases having inhibiting effect against pathogenic microorganism. Objective: The main objective of this study was Extraction and Phytochemicals determination of traditional medicinal plants for anti microbial susceptibility test. Methodology: The extraction and identification of some phytochemicals crude compound which used for antimicrobial susceptibility test from plant sample such as Ocimum lamiifolium (OL), Croton maerosth (Cm) and Ruta chalepesis (RC) were conducted. Plant samples are collected, powdered using mortal and pistil and extracted using ethanol and some susceptibility tests were performed to identify some phytochemicals compound. Result: The main result of Antimicrobial activity test showed that the crude extract of OL has the highest zone of inhibition. The highest yield of crude extract (38.21%) was obtained from Croton maerosth (CM) which followed by Ruta chalepesis (RC) (32.43%). However, the lowest yield (28.37%) was obtained from Oscpmum lamifolium (OL). Conclusion: Traditional Medicine is used by many people to managing numerous conditions; it’s accessible and effective on antimicrobial activity. Therefore, it plays a significant role by reducing life-threatening ailments of people and other animals.

Micro-Structural Stability of Micropropagated Plants of Vitex negundo L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Manokari ◽  
S. Priyadharshini ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Structural Repair ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
Palisade Cells

Abstract Micropropagation techniques allow producing large numbers of clones of genetically identical plants. However, there is evidence of disorders in internal structures due to sophisticated in vitro conditions. Such variations are responsible for the mortality of plantlets in the field and cause huge loss to the tissue culture industry. Anatomical evaluation at different growth conditions allows for understanding structural repair of in vitro raised plantlets. Therefore, the present study was aimed to identify the structural changes that occurred in micropropagated plants of Vitex negundo under heterotrophic, photomixotrophic, and photoautotrophic conditions. To achieve this, structural variations were analyzed in the plantlets obtained from in vitro, greenhouse and field transferred stages using light microscopy. Underdeveloped dermal tissues, palisade cells, intercellular spaces, mechanical tissues, vascular bundles, and ground tissues were observed with the plants growing under in vitro conditions. The self-repairing of structural disorders and transitions in vegetative anatomy was observed during hardening under the greenhouse environment. Field transferred plantlets were characterized by well-developed internal anatomy. These findings showed that the micropropagated plantlets of V. negundo were well-adapted through a series of self-repairing the in vitro induced structural abnormalities at the subsequent stages of plant development.

scholarly journals In vitro determination of the anti-aging potential of four southern African medicinal plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gugulethu Ndlovu ◽  
Gerda Fouche ◽  
Malefa Tselanyane ◽  
Werner Cordier ◽  
Vanessa Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants

Simultaneous determination of cadmium and lead in medicinal plants by anodic stripping voltammetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Cecilia Vargas Mamani ◽  
Luiz Manoel Aleixo ◽  
Mônica Ferreira de Abreu ◽  
Susanne Rath
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Anodic Stripping ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Development of reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for determination of selected antihypertensive active flavonoids (rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol) in medicinal plants found in Botswana

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katso Binang ◽  
David T. Takuwa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Lippia Javanica

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop a rapid, efficient, and cheap chromatographic method for determining four selected antihypertensive active flavonoid compounds in medicinal plants in Botswana. The determination of rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol in selected medicinal plants was conducted in less than 6 min using the developed reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with a 2.7 µm Ascentis C18 express column (150 × 4.60 mm i.d) at 340, 360, and 368 nm detection wavelengths and mobile phase of methanol and 0.068% of formic acid solution in isocratic elution. Validation results showed good selectivity, linearity (r 2 > 0.99), high percentage recoveries (90.2–104.7%), and precision (% RSD < 2) for n = 3, confirming suitability of the method for determination of the investigated flavonoids in Zingiber officinale (ginger). Application of the developed RP-HPLC method was performed in selected medicinal plants (Lippia javanica ) (mosukujane), Myrothanmus flabellious (galalatshwene), and Elephantorrhiza elephantina (mositsana) used to manage hypertension by herbalists in Botswana. M. flabellious a very commonly used plant for managing hypertension was found to contain highest amounts of rutin and myricetin, whereas nothing was detected for E. elephantina.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Resunga hill used by Magar community of Badagaun VDC, Gulmi district, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Scientific World

Present study aims to explore the ethnobotanical information on medicinal plants used by Magar community of Badagaun VDC of Gulmi district. The study was carried out during different periods of the year 2010. Informations on plant and plant parts uses were collected interviewing key informants by using semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. Altogether 161 different plant species belonging to 87 familes and 144 genera were documented and majority of them are herbs. In terms of plant parts use, leaf and stem/bark are in top priorities. These plants are used to treat different ailments ranging from gastro-intestinal to headache and fever, respiratory tract related problems to dermatological problems, snake bite to ophthalmic and cuts and wounds. Easy access to modern medicines and less recognition of traditional healers are the main causes leading to decrease in interest of young generation in the use of traditional medicinal practices. Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p54-65 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6863

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