scholarly journals The Prevalence of Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter and Morganilla Pathogens among Patients with Infectious Diseases at a Governmental Hospital in Riyadh Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 774-778
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmad ◽  
Mohamad Ayman Salkini
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Region Data

Aim: The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter and Morganilla pathogens among patients with infectious diseases at a governmental hospital in Riyadh Region. Methodology: This study was conducted in a governmental hospital in Riyadh region. Data were collected from the bacterial cultures results that was prepared the laboratory department in the hospital. Results: In the 3 years, the total number of gram negative isolates was 2135. Citrobacter bacteria represented 2.25%, Morganilla represented 1.97%, Stenotrophomonas represented 1.64%, and Serratia represented 1.59% of the gram negative isolates. Conclusion: The present study showed that the rate of Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, Citrobacter, or Morganilla was low. More studies are needed to know the prevalence of these 4 bacteria and to explore the bacterial resistance rate to the available antibiotics.

scholarly journals Cefiderocol: An Overview of Its in-vitro and in-vivo Activity and Underlying Resistant Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Yao ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Mengli Chen ◽  
Yun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
First Line Therapy

Treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) infections has led to a global public health challenging due to the bacterial resistance and limited choices of antibiotics. Cefiderocol (CFDC), a novel siderophore cephalosporin possessed unique drug delivery systems and stability to β-lactamases, has the potential to become first-line therapy for most aggressive MDR Gram-negative pathogens infection. However, there have been reports of drug resistance in the course of using CFDC. This study provides an overview of the in-vitro and in-vivo activity of CFDC and potential resistance mechanism was also summarized. In general, CFDC shows excellent activity against a broad range of MDR GNB pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The expressions of metallo-β-lactamases such as inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP), Verona integron-mediated metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) are associated with a higher resistance rate of CFDC. Carbapenem-resistant phenotype has little effect on the resistance rate, although the acquisition of a particular carbapenemase may affect the susceptibility of the pathogens to CFDC. For potential resistance mechanism, mutations in β-lactamases and TonB-dependent receptors, which assist CFDC entering bacteria, would increase a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)90 value of CFDC against MDR pathogens. Since the development of CFDC, resistance during its utilization has been reported thus, prudent clinical applications are still necessary to preserve the activity of CFDC.

scholarly journals Trends in bacterial resistance among perioperative infections in patients with primary ovarian cancer: A retrospective 20-year study at an affiliated hospital in South China

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052092878
Author(s):  
Yanlin Zhou ◽  
Tingting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Primary Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Surgical Infections ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Culture Positive

Background We aimed to analyze the epidemiological and drug-resistance trends among bacterial cultures from perioperative infections in patients with primary ovarian cancer. Methods Medical and bacteriological records for patients with ovarian cancer patients who developed perioperative infections after primary cytoreductive surgery from 1999 to 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results The incidence of perioperative infections and the culture-positive percentage among patients in the first 10 years were 20.2% and 29.3%, respectively, and the equivalent rates in the second 10 years were 18.0% and 33.5%. The most commonly isolated pathogens in both year-groups were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., but the respective percentages differed between the groups. Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. in the second 10-year group were resistant to linezolid and vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin resistance among Gram-negative bacteria isolates also increased in this group. However, resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to imipenem and meropenem was low among in both groups. Conclusion The pathogen distribution in perioperative infections in patients with primary ovarian cancer undergoing cytoreductive changed slightly from 1999 to 2018, and the antibiotic resistance of the main isolated pathogens increased. These results indicate the importance of periodic bacterial surveillance of surgical infections in these patients.

scholarly journals The Analysis Of Antibiotic Consumption And Bacterial Resistance As An Indicator Of Their Proper Use At The Urology Department In The Health Centre “Studenica” Kraljevo

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Andriana Bukonjić ◽  
Srđan Stefanović
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract The objective of the study was to analyze antibiotic consumption and determine bacterial resistance rates as an indicator of the rational utilization of this drug group at the urology department in the Health Centre “Studenica” Kraljevo. Over a two-year period, the average antibiotic consumption was 104.55 DDD/100BD. Of the total financial assets used for medical treatment, the antibiotic group JO1 had a share of 49.52% in 2011 and 47.53% in 2012. Antibacterial drugs from a group of β-lactamic antibiotics were consumed most commonly, at 54.02% (2011) and 43.44% (2012). First-generation cephalosporins, quinolones and aminoglycosides were the most frequently used drug groups, while cephalexin was the antibiotic with the highest individual consumption. E. coli was the most frequently isolated bacterium in 2011, while in 2012, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated bacterium. The total bacterial resistance both in 2011 and 2012 was above 50%. Gram-negative bacteria showed a higher resistance rate (2011, 59.3%; 2012, 58.9%) than Gram-positive bacteria (2011, 44.4%; 2012, 40.6%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the bacterium with the highest resistance (75.3%) in 2011, while in 2012, there was a resistance increase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (71.4%), especially to carbapenems. A correlation was determined between the consumption of individual antibiotics and bacterial strain resistance in 2011 (r=0.433, p=0.044) and in 2012 (r=0.478, p=0.024). The high resistance rate shown in the bacterial strains, which was correlated with antibiotic consumption, as well as the great financial assets used for this group of drugs suggest the necessity for the rationalization of their utilization. Empirical therapy with Gram-negative bacteria should be based on carbapenems utilization, except with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where piperacillin/tazobactam should be used.

scholarly journals Correlation between Antibiotic Resistance of Main Gram-Negative Pathogens and Antibiotic Consumption in a General Hospital of China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoqing Shen ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yun Cai
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Purpose Our hospital is a newly established hospital in China, which is located in the tropics. Better depicting antibiotic consumption and antibiotic resistance may help better develop and implement an antibiotic stewardship with regional characteristics.Methods Total antibiotic prescriptions, patient days and microbiological data from January 2014 to December 2017 were collected. Antibiotic use density (AUD) was expressed as daily defined dose (DDD) and normalized per 100 patient-days. The resistance rates of Gram-negative pathogens against commonly used antibiotics were calculated. The relationship between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance rate was described by Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results Different from mainland China, A. baumannii was the leading Gram-negative pathogen, followed by K. pneumoniae , E. coli and P. aeruginosa . The AUD was gradually increased from 2014 to 2016, while it was slowly decreased in 2017. Ceftazidime/tazobactam, levofloxacin and meropenem were the top three consumed antibiotics. The proportion of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria was increased (>40%) before 2016, and it was decreased in 2017. The prevalence of MDR A. baumannii and MDR P. aeruginosa was correlated with the AUD of β-lactam/lactamase inhibitors, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems. The increased AUD of meropenem had positive effects on the incidence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa .Conclusions Our study showed that there was an association between the resistance density of Gram-negative pathogens and the consumption of β-lactam/lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Collectively, a multifaceted antimicrobial stewardship is necessary to decrease resistance density of available antibiotics.

scholarly journals Trends in Resistance to Cefazolin in a Military Hospital in Alkharj

2021 ◽  
pp. 413-416
Author(s):  
Nehad J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Rate

Aim: This study aimed to describe the trends in resistance to cefazolin in a military hospital in Alkharj. Methodology: This was a retrospective study that was conducted in Alkharj to describe the trends in resistance to cefazolin from 1st of January 2020 to 30th of June 2021. The results of bacterial cultures were collected from the microbiology laboratory in the hospital. Results: The susceptibility rate of gram negative bacteria to cefazolin in 2020 was more than 50% except Enterobacter cloacae (susceptibility rate=0) and that the resistance of Escherichia coli to cefazolin was increased from 36% in 2020 to 48% in 2021. The present study showed that cefazolin should not use to treat infections caused by Enterobacter cloacae because of the high resistance rate (100%). Conclusion: The present study showed that the bacterial resistance of several pathogens to cefazolin was high. It is important to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility continuously and to use antibiotics wisely to minimize emergence of drug resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Carbapenem Restriction on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli in an ICU

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s200-s201
Author(s):  
Mariana Melo ◽  
Raquel Bandeira ◽  
lio de Castro Giselle Dias ◽  
Braulio Couto
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Impact

Background: Carbapenem-resistant GNB infections are a serious public health problem worldwide, particularly due to the high mortality associated with them and the low number of therapeutic options. One approach to this challenge is the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs. Objective: We evaluated the impact of a carbapenem restriction program on reducing of bacterial resistance in an intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A retrospective study conducted in 2 phases in the 80-bed ICU of an acute-care public hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The preintervention phase lasted 16 months (January 2018–April 2019) and the second phase (carbapenem restriction), after the intervention, lasted 4 months (May–August 2019). The intervention was defined as carbapenem-sparing and the use of meropenem was authorized in 3 situations: (1) treatment of serious infections documented by extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriacea (ESBL); (2) therapeutic failure with the use of another antimicrobial; and (3) infectious disease recommendation. Data were obtained through consultation of electronic medical records and microbiological results, as standardized by the CLSI, for patients with a >48-hour stay in the ICU and who met the criteria for healthcare-associated infection (HAI) according to the CDC NHSN definition. Results: Before the intervention, on average, 50 cultures were obtained with positive results for multidrug-resistant GNB–MER-GNB (SD, 12.2) and in the intervention phase, this number was 31 cultures (SD, 12.8; P = .010). Average carbapenem consumption decreased significantly with corresponding increase in cefepime consumption in the same period (Fig. 1). The ATB (DDD per 1,000 patient days) before the intervention for carbapenems was 110.6 (SD, 97.1) and for cefepime was 8.2 (SD, 5.9). In the intervention phase, the ATB for carbapenems was 44.7 (SD, 38.5; P = .015) and for cefepime it was 32.0 (SD, 20.3; P < .001). In terms of multidrug resistance rate, before the intervention, 95 of 149 of Acinetobacter (64%) were resistant and during the intervention, 13 of 30 Acinetobacter (43%) were resistant (P = .043). Other GNB (Klebsiella, Proteus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas) reduced the resistance rate, but without statistical significance. We observed a reduction in the HAI rate per MDR-GNB (Fig. 2): before the intervention, it was 22.7 (SD, 5.5) and during the intervention phase it was 16.5 (SD, 7.7; P = .07), although this change did not reach statistical significance. Nevertheless, the ICU Klebsiella infection rate did significantly decrease; it was 5.5 (SD, 1.9) before the intervention and 2.4 (SD, 1.8) after the intervention (P = .009). Conclusions: Short-term carbapenem restriction may be an effective strategy to reduce the incidence of carbapenem-resistant GNB infections in the ICU. The scarce arsenal available for the treatment of MDR-GNB and the high mortality rate justify the growing need for stewardship programs in Brazilian ICUs.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Etiology and resistance patterns of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a respiratory intensive care unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 954-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlada Injac ◽  
Uros Batranovic ◽  
Jovan Matijasevic ◽  
Marija Vukoja ◽  
Mirjana Hadnadjev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Background/Aim. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, causative pathogens, and resistance patterns are different among countries and intensive care units (ICUs). In Europe, resistant organisms have progressively increased in the last decade. However, there is a lack of data from Serbian ICUs. The aims of this study were to evaluate etiology and antimicrobial resistance for pathogens causing VAP in ICU patients, to examine whether there were differences among pathogens in early-onset and late-onset VAP and to identify mortality in patients with VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the respiratory ICU and all adult patients diagnosed with VAP from 2009 to 2014 were included. Results. Gram negative organisms were the major pathogens (80.3%). The most commonly isolated was Acinetobacter spp (59.8%). There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9% vs 25.6%; p = 0.019). Extensively drugresistant strains (XDR) were the most common (78.7%). Lateonset VAP was developed in 81.1% of patients without differences among pathogens in comparison with early-onset VAP. Acinetobacter spp was susceptible to tigecycline and colistin with a significant increase in resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (30.2% vs 58.6%; p = 0.01). Resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 38% and 11%, respectively. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus no resistance was observed against vancomycin and linezolid. There was no difference in mortality rate between patients with earlyonset and late-onset VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Conclusion. Gram negative organisms were the primary cause of bacterial VAP of which the most common was the XDR strain of Acinetobacter spp. Patients with early- and late-onset VAP had the same pathogens. There was no difference in mortality between this two group of patients during 60 days of hospitalization.

scholarly journals PATIENTS' MICROFLORA COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF PEDIATRICS IN HANOI, VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
L.V. Kataeva ◽  
A.P. Rebeshchenko ◽  
T.F. Stepanova ◽  
O.V. Posoiuznykh ◽  
Le Thanh Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

We studied the microflora structure and resistance gathered from the biomaterial of patients and the environment objects of various departments at the National hospital of Pediatrics in Hanoi. 140 clinical samples of biomaterials from 74 patients treated in the intensive care unit, the infectious diseases and the gastroenterology departments were studied. A systematic approach including microbiological, epidemiological and statistical research methods was used in carrying out the study. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family (38.5 per cent) prevailed in the biomaterial of intensive care unit patients. Nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria (46.5 per cent) occupied the leading positions in the infectious diseases department and Gram-positive bacteria (39.3 per cent) were in the gastroenterology department. Gram-positive flora (60.2 per cent in the intensive care unit and 50.7 per cent in the infectious diseases department) prevailed in the microflora structure gathered from hospital environment objects. We identified the prevalence of bacteria of the genus Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria with a wide spectrum of resistance in the departments of the National Hospital of Pediatrics.

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