scholarly journals Cu2+ Montmorillonite K10 Clay Catalyst as a Green Catalyst for Production of Stearic Acid Methyl Ester: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas A. Almadani ◽  
Farah W. Harun ◽  
Salina M. Radzi ◽  
Syamsul K. Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Montmorillonite K10 ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Stearic Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Clay Catalyst

Clay catalyst has received much attention to replace the homogeneous catalysts in the esterification reaction to produce fatty acid methyl ester as the source of biodiesel as it is low cost, easily available, as well as environmental friendly. However, the use of unmodified clay, in particular montmorillonite K10 (MMT K10), for the esterification of fatty acids showed that the acid conversion was less than 60% and this is not preferable to the production of biodiesel. In this study, synthesis of stearic acid methyl ester using Cu2+-MMT K10 (Cu-MMT K10) was successfully optimized via response surface methodo-logy (RSM) based on 3-variable of Box-Behnken design (BB). The parameters were; reaction time (5-180 minutes), reaction temperature (80-120 oC) and concentration of Cu2+ in MMT K10 (0.25-1 M). The use of RSM in optimizing the conversion of stearic acid was successfully developed as the actual experimental conversion of stearic acid was found similar to the actual values under the optimum conditions. The model equation predicted that the following conditions would generate the maximum conversion of stearic acid (87.05 %reaction time of 62 minutes, a reaction temperature of 80 oC and catalyst used is 1.0 M Cu-MMT K10. This finding can be considered as green catalytic process as it worked at moderate reaction temperature using low cost clay catalyst with a short reaction time. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 26th July 2017; Revised: 13rd January 2018; Accepted: 13rd January 2018; Available online: 22nd January 2018; Published regularly: 2nd April 2018How to Cite: Almadani, E.A., Harun, F.W., Radzi, S.M., Muhamad, S.K. (2018). Cu2+ Montmorillonite K10 Clay Catalyst as a Green Catalyst for Production of Stearic Acid Methyl Ester: Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (1): 187-195 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1397.187-195) 

Stearic acid methyl ester affords neuroprotection and improves functional outcomes after cardiac arrest

2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 102138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Yi Chen ◽  
Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu ◽  
Garrett A. Clemons ◽  
Cristiane T. Citadin ◽  
Alexandre Couto e Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Stearic Acid Methyl Ester

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Biji Orok-Orok (Crotalaria juncea) sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Minyak Nabati dengan Metode Ekstraksi Padat-Cair

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Tiara Puspa Dwi Seta ◽  
Muhammad Muhammad ◽  
Masrullita Masrullita
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Undecanoic Acid ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Acid Methyl

ABSTRAKTanaman orok-orok atau Crotalaria juncea L adalah tanaman leguminosa yang termasuk ke dalam keluarga perdu dan semak  Biji orok-orok mengandung  12,6 % minyak dengan 46,8 % asam linoleat, 4,6 % asam linolenat, 28,3 % asam oleat dan 20,3% asam jenuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ekstraksi padat-cair dengan pelarut etanol. Pada penelitian ini dioptimasi menggunakan RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah biji orok-orok dan etanol. Biji orok-orok dihaluskan menggunakan blender, kemudian dimasukkan dalam labu leher tiga untuk proses ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan memvariasikan berat sampel, suhu ekstraksi dan waktu ekstraksi. Dengan variasi berat sampel (70, 80,90 gram),  Suhu (55, 65 dan 75oC), Waktu (3,4 dan 5 jam). Setelah selesai ekstraksi larutan di saring menggunakan kertas saring. Selanjutnya dilakukan pemisahan antara minyak dan pelarut dengan proses destilasi. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah uji densitas, yield, kadar FFA dan uji komposisi dengan alat GC-MS. Densitas terendah dihasilkan pada Suhu 75oC, berat sampel 70 dan waktu ekstraksi 4 jam sebesar 0,788 g/ml. Yield tertinggi dihasilkan pada suhu 65oC, berat sampel 90 gr dan waktu ekstraksi 3 jam sebesar 19,943 %. Kadar FFA terendah dihasilkan pada suhu 65oC , berat sampel 90 dan waktu 5 jam. RSM memberikan hasil optimasi terbaik pada suhu 75oC, berat sampel 89,64 gram dan waktu ekstraksu 3 jam dengan yield 19,943, densitas 0,89 gr/ml dan kadar FFA 1,2674 %. Dari hasil uji GC-MS diketahui bahwa minyak biji orok-orok mengandung methyl ester of undecanoic acid, 2-methylpentanoic acid, myristic acid methyl ester, methyl linolelaidate, 2-cyclopentylacetohydrazide dan 2-methylpentanoic acid.Kata Kunci : biji orok-orok, ekstraksi, densitas, yield, kadar FFA

scholarly journals Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Coco Ethanolamide Production from Coconut Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 3030-3036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhrina Masyithah ◽  
Dinar Rajagukguk ◽  
Samuel Oktavianus Purba ◽  
Armansyah Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Acid Methyl

Coco ethanolamide obtained from the amidation of Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from coconut oil with monoethanolamine using zirconium (IV) chloride and tert-amyl alcohol was observed in this study. Several effective parameters were evaluated in term of catalyst concentration (5-9% w/wFAME), reaction temperature (80-100oC) and stirring speed (200-400 rpm). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and to observe the interaction effects of the three variables on the FAME conversion. The capability of the process was measured from the number of FAME converted to coco ethanolamide. In the range of parameters evaluated, the conversion increase by increasing the catalyst concentration up to 9% (w/wFAME), but decreases after the optimum value. At the optimal condition, the model predicts a maximum FAME conversion of 86.27%, mainly due to a strong interaction between catalyst concentration and stirring speed.

Optimization of In Situ Methanolysis of Jatropha curcas Seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunung Prabaningrum ◽  
Lukman Ismail ◽  
Duvvuri Subbarao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Acid Methyl

The response surface methodology based on central composite design was applied to optimize three reaction variables including the ratio of methanol volume to seed weight, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature for conducting in-situ methanolysis of Jatropha curcas seeds. Using RSM, second-order polynomial equations were attained to predict the yield of fatty acid methyl ester. The optimum parameters had been determined which included 8.08 ratio of methanol volume to seed weight, 1.94 wt.% sodium hydroxide concentration, and 56°C reaction temperature. At this optimum condition, the highest biodiesel yield of (90.45 ± 0.25)% was achieved. The yield was similar to the predicted biodiesel yield of 90.98%. The properties of fatty acid methyl ester produced were in agreement with the standards of EN 14214 and ASTM D6751

The use of response surface methodology for improving fatty acid methyl ester profile of Scenedesmus vacuolatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 27457-27469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atreyee Ghosh ◽  
Kanchan Samadhiya ◽  
Mrinal Kashyap ◽  
Vishal Anand ◽  
Pritam Sangwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Scenedesmus Vacuolatus ◽  
Acid Methyl
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