scholarly journals The Production of Green Diesel Rich Pentadecane (C15) from Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Waste Cooking Oil using Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Momodou Salieu Sowe ◽  
Arda Rista Lestari ◽  
Eka Novitasari ◽  
Masruri Masruri ◽  
Siti Mariyah Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Green Diesel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Isotherm Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is applied in fuel processing technology to convert bio-oils to green diesel with metal-based catalysts. The major challenges to this process are feedstock, catalyst preparation, and the production of oxygen-free diesel fuel. In this study, we aimed to synthesize Ni catalysts supported on silica-zirconia and alumina-zirconia binary oxides and evaluated their catalytic activity for waste cooking oil (WCO) hydrodeoxygenation to green diesel. Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 were synthesized by wet-impregnation and hydrodeoxygenation of WCO was done using a modified batch reactor. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and N2 isotherm adsorption-desorption analysis. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed the formation of hydrocarbon framework n-C15 generated from the use of Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 with the selectivity of 68.97% after a 2 h reaction. Prolonged reaction into 4 h, decreased the selectivity to 58.69%. Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalyst at 2 h showed selectivity of 55.39% to n-C15. Conversely, it was observed that the reaction for 4 h increased selectivity to 65.13%. Overall, Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalysts produced oxygen-free green diesel range (n-C14-C18) enriched with n-C15 hydrocarbon. Reaction time influenced the selectivity to n-C15 hydrocarbon. Both catalysts showed promising hydrodeoxygenation activity via the hydrodecarboxylation pathway. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). 

scholarly journals X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Bitumen Containing Untreated and Treated Waste Cooking Oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 435-438
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
Modified Binder

Abundant of waste cooking oil (WCO) production can cause prominent adverse impact and threat to the environment if not properly managed and disposed. Therefore, recycling or reusing WCO in modified asphalt binder is considered as an effective utilisation and environmental benefits. Hence, this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristic of untreated and treated WCO in modified binder through X-Ray diffraction analysis. The results indicated that the amorphous structure was present in the control and modified binders with untreated and treated WCO. The flat trends tabulated in XRD graph for modified binder depicted the uniform dispersion and homogeneous solution was achieved between the untreated and treated WCO with the asphalt binder during mixing process.

scholarly journals GLYCEROLYSIS USING KF/CAO-MGO CATALYST: OPTIMISATION AND REACTION KINETICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqman Buchori ◽  
Mohammad Djaeni ◽  
R. Ratnawati ◽  
Diah Susetyo Retnowati ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Base Catalysts ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Glycerolysis Reaction

Monoglycerides can be produced through glycerolysis using a heterogeneous catalyst. The purpose of this study is to analyse the optimum conditions for the production of monoglycerides from glycerol and cooking oil using KF/CaO-MgO base catalysts and to investigate the kinetics of the monoglyceride glycerolysis reaction. The response surface method (RSM) was used to determine the favourable conditions by varying the catalyst amount (X1) between 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% (w/w); the reaction temperature (X2) between 210, 220 and 230°C and reaction time (X3) between 2, 3 and 4 hours. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the monoglycerides, while catalysts were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The results showed that, among the three factors examined, temperature shows the most control over this glycerolysis reaction. The most favourable conditions are X1 = 0.19% (w/w), X2 = 208.37°C and X3 = 3.20 hours, which provide a monoglyceride yield of 41.58%. The constants for the reaction kinetics of the monoglyceride formation, k1 and k2 are 1.04189 and 0.88965 hour-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Study of calcined eggshell as potential catalyst for biodiesel formation using used cooking oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1166-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
R.X. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Eggshell Catalyst

AbstractEggshells were utilized as a cost effective catalyst to assist in biodiesel formation. Eggshells were calcined using different calcination conditions such as temperature and time. The eggshells underwent calcination under 1000 °C in which calcium carbonate was completely converted into calcium oxide under open air conditions. The calcined eggshell catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then the eggshell derived CaO catalyst was subjected to transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The parametrics in the transesterification of used cooking oil such as a methanol to oil ratio, weight of catalyst and reaction temperature were evaluated. The optimum result exhibited a 4:1 methanol to oil ratio, 2wt % catalyst, and a 65 °C reaction temperature within two hours. Pure calcined CaO acted as the control of the experiment that was subject to the most optimum eggshell derived catalyst transesterification conditions. The catalytic activity for both the pure calcined CaO and the calcined eggshell derived catalyst were comparable. The biodiesel formation was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

scholarly journals Biofuel from hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil over Ni-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst

2022 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Lenny Marlinda ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi ◽  
Ignatius Gunardi ◽  
Yustia Wulandari Mirzayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

The effects of reaction temperature on the hydrocarbon composition of biofuel produced in hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil with Ni-Zn/HZSM-5 catalyst were investigated. The incipient wetness impregnation method was applied to prepare the Ni-Zn/HZSM-5 catalysts. Furthermore, the properties of catalysts were measured by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption spectrometry, and nitrogen physisorption. Hydrocracking process was carried out in Parr USA pressure batch reactor at pressure of 20 � 5 bar after flowing H2 for 1 h. The reaction with a catalyst/oil ratio of 1 g/150 mL proceeded at various temperatures of 350, 375 and 400 �C for 2 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was�used to analyze biofuel. The most abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel were identified as pentadecane and heptadecane (a major diesel fuel compound) with a different amount at different reaction temperatures. It can be said that the hydrodecarboxylation/decarbonylation routes were the predominant reaction pathways and oxygen removal occurred during hydrocracking. The Cerbera manghas oil can be recommended as a promising biofeed to produce the gasoil as an alternative transportation fuel.

scholarly journals Catalytic activities for the complete oxidation of toluene over MnO2, Co3O4 and NiO catalysts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Tuan Nguyen Dinh Minh ◽  
Nga Phan Thi Hang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Complete Oxidation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Isotherm Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Catalytic Performances

In this study, the catalytic performances of the complete oxidation of toluene over different transition metal oxides including MnO2, Co3O4 and NiO were investigated. These oxides were synthesized by hydrothermal method, followed by annealing. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Nitrogen isotherm adsorption-desorption before being evaluated their catalytic activity for the total oxidation of toluene in air. As a result, MnO2 was illustrated as the best catalyst having largest surface area and lowest activation energy, followed by Co3O4 and NiO.

scholarly journals Bio-kerosene and Bio-gasoil from Coconut Oils via Hydrocracking Process over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Al-Muttaqii ◽  
Firman Kurniawansyah ◽  
Danawati Hari Prajitno ◽  
Achmad Roesyadi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In this study, hydrocracking of coconut oil over Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out in a batch reactor under different reaction temperature. Coconut oil is proposed as one of the potential feedstock for biofuel production. The Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The characterization of Ni-Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDAX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The chemical composition of biofuel was analyzed by Gas-Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from the GC-MS analysis showed that the hydrocracking reaction over 10 % (Ni-Fe)/HZSM-5 catalyst at temperature of 375 oC obtained the highest hydrocarbon content (contained 49.4% n-paraffin, 26.93 % isoparaffin, 3.58 % olefin) and the highest yield of bio-gasoil 38.6 % in the biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant hydrocarbon compounds in biofuel liquid hydrocarbon. Decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation was the dominant reaction pathways in this process. Based on the result, the reaction temperature had a significant effect on the distribution of biofuel composition and yield of biofuel from coconut oil. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals Synthesis of Green Diesel From Waste Cooking Oil Through Hydrodeoxygenation Technology With NiMo/γ-Al2O3 Catalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03032
Author(s):  
Heri Heriyanto ◽  
SD Murti Sumbogo ◽  
Septina Is Heriyanti ◽  
Inayatu Sholehah ◽  
Ayi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Green Diesel ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
First Time

Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of waste cooking oil (WCO) and trapped grease over sulfide catalysts was examined to produce high quality transportation fuel from low-grade resources. The hydrodeoxygenation of waste cooking oils was carried out in a high pressure of 30 and 60 bar and high temperature of 300 – 400 °C in a batch reactor autoclave. NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared and for the first time tested in hydroprocessing of waste cooking oil. The content of NiMo/γ-Al2O3 in each catalyst was about wCo 5 wt.%. A maximum of 77,97 % green diesel yield was achieved at nearly complete conversion of waste cooking oil using NiMo/γ-Al2O3 at temperature of 400°C, pressure 60 bar and 4 hours of reaction time. The oxygen content was decreased from 14,25 wt.% to 13,35 wt.%, at temperature of 400°C, pressure of 30 bar and 1 hour of reaction time. The Hydrodeoxygenation process was much influenced by temperature, pressure, and time.

Development of Bi-Functional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel: Optimization Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1163 ◽  
pp. 128-147
Author(s):  
Fatai Alade Aderibigbe ◽  
Harvis Bamidele Saka ◽  
Elijah Olawale Ajala ◽  
Sherif Ishola Mustapha ◽  
Ishaq Alhassan Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Bifunctional Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Cow Bone

Biodiesel production waste cooking oil is usually limited by its high free fatty acid and moisture content. The synergetic effect of both base and acid source from biomass was employed to proffer way out to this challenge. This study shows the coupled development of sulfonated carbonized corn cob (S-CCC) and calcined cow-bone (C-CB) catalysts for transesterification of waste cooking oil. The catalyst was prepared by physically mixing several mass percentages of S-CCC and C-CB (fluorapatite) in strategic proportions. The maximum biodiesel yield of 96.2 % was attained for catalyst mixture of 60 wt% and 40 wt%. The developed catalyst mixture was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Ray (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET). The surface area (472.3 m2/g), pore size (2.4330 nm) and volume (0.1380 cc/g) were obtained for the catalyst. The XRD shows that the crystallized structure of the bifunctional catalyst was formed majorly between 2 theta 10 and 65.Also the SEM shows a well dispersive pattern of the particles of the catalyst. The developed catalyst was employed for biodiesel optimization studies by varying factors such as time, temperature, catalyst loading and methanol: oil using optimal design under the response surface methodology. Maximum yield of 98.98 % was attained at time 6 h, temperature 65 °C, catalyst loading 6 %wt/ wt of oil and methanol to oil ratio of 11.75:1. It was observed that time and temperature had notable effect on the biodiesel yield.

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document