Associations between gaming disorder, parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and discipline styles: Findings from a school-based survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam

Background and aims Vietnam implemented numerous measures to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among school students, including study-at-home/self-quarantine. During the study-at-home period, adolescents may engage in more video gaming than usual, potentially contributing to gaming disorder. However, the regionally-representative prevalence of gaming disorder and its association with parenting practice and discipline practice have not been described. We assessed the prevalence of gaming disorder among Vietnamese adolescents during the initial 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associations between gaming disorder and parenting practice and discipline practice. Methods We conducted a school-based, self-administered cross-sectional survey of 2,084 students in Hanoi, Vietnam (response rate = 97.1%). The survey included standardized instruments translated from English to Vietnamese. We performed multilevel logistic regressions to assess the associations between parenting practice, discipline practice, and gaming disorder. Results The prevalence of gaming disorder among the respondents was 11.6%. Healthy parent-child relationship was protective against gaming disorder (Adj OR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.21, 0.62). Non-supervision, non-discipline, violent discipline were positively associated with gaming disorder. Discussion and Conclusions We found associations between gaming disorder and parent-child relationship, parental supervision, and parental discipline. Future interventional studies should consider assessing the effect of fostering healthy parent-child relationships and appropriate discipline on the occurrence or prognosis of gaming disorders.

Developing a parenting program for young couples

In support of developing a parenting program for young couples, this study conducted to determine whether and how significantly the module was affects parenting practice among young couples in a small groups. Data were collected through experimental research. The subjects of this research were young couples with requirements as follows: have children whose age is maximum five years old, graduated from high schools, able to communicate fluently, and are willing to attend all interventions and are not joining any similar training. The subjects were 26 parents who are domiciled in the Province of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia and recruited through social media. The data analysis technique was a paired sample t-test. The result indicated -6.299 value t and value p=0.000 or (p0.01). It showed a significant development of parenting comprehension before and after training (mean pretest is about 62.13 and mean post-test is about 78.26). This parenting program module needs to be tested in the wider population to form into final results.

Evaluating the Parenting of Caregiving Grandparents

Background and Purpose: In Philadelphia, over 15,000 grandparents are primary caregivers for grandchildren. Children raised by grandparents have increased risk for health and behavior issues. The SOWN Grandfamily Resource Center (GFRC) provides social services and parenting education for caregiving grandparents. This project investigates whether the annual Department of Human Services (DHS) Parenting pre- and post-survey measures parenting changes for grandparents participating in the GFRC. Methods: Selected DHS survey questions were grouped into subscales measuring social support and parenting practices. Associations between social support and parenting were examined, and average subscale scores and percentage of grandparents demonstrating positive beliefs and practices were compared between 16 matched pre- and post-surveys using paired t-tests and McNemar’s tests. Results: McNemar’s tests determined the changes from pre- to post-survey were not statistically significant, with p-values between .625 and 1. The change in mean score for nurturing behavior was statistically significant, . Social support had a moderate, statistically significant, positive association with all parenting measures. Conclusion: Participants averaged 4.1 years of GFRC participation and demonstrated high levels of initial knowledge and parenting practice, but not a significant change from pre to post. The positive association between social support and parenting practice is supported by research that a caregiver’s distress negatively impacts parenting. Social relevance: The parenting qualities included here can alleviate some of the health and behavior problems experienced by children exposed to trauma as well as reduce the parenting stress experienced by caregiving grandparents.

Bedtime Parenting Practices Associated with Social-emotional Competence in Thai Infants

Objective: We aimed to determine the association between bedtime parenting practices and infant social-emotional competence (SEC).Material and Methods: Data from a birth cohort called: Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children, were analyzed. Information on bedtime parenting and infant’s sleep information were collected at 3 and 12 months of age. Modified Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (MITSEA) were used to measure the SEC at 12 months of age. All participating infants with a MITSEA score >75th percentile were classified as having high SEC. The association between bedtime parenting practices and high SEC were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.Results: Data from 2,109 infants were analyzed (male:female=1:1). Median age of mothers was 26 years. Ninety-two percent of caregivers shared a bed with their infants, at either their 3rd- or 12th-month-visits. Two-thirds of the caregivers reported bed sharing at both visits. About 70.0% of caregivers fed their infants until the infant fell asleep, and about two-thirds responded to infant’s awakening with milk feeding. Infants who were never fed until falling asleep were more likely to have high SEC, compared with infants who were always fed until sleep (odds ratio 1.49; 95% confidence interval 1.14, 1.96). Bed sharing showed no association with a high SEC. Older, female mothers, higher socioeconomic status and quality time were associated with a high SEC.Conclusion: The bedtime parenting practice associated with a high SEC was: “non-feeding until falling asleep”. Bed sharing, which was a popular practice in this cohort, showed no association with high SEC.

Parents Emotional Parenting Practices and Self-Control Influence on Online Gaming Behavior in Male and Female Adolescents

Online gaming is an action of playing the game with multiple player using internet connection. This study aims to analyze parent's emotional parenting practice and adolescent self-control on online gaming behavior among adolescents. The population in this research are vocational high-school students in Bekasi City. The school used in this research is chosen purposively that is State Vocational High-school 2 in Bekasi City. After 204 adolescents chosen, non-proportional random sampling was conducted to 60 respondents as sample between 16 until 18 years old who enrolled in vocational high school in Bekasi city. Data were collected by questionnaire with self-report technique. Most of the male and female adolescent emotional parenting practices are in a low category. Most male adolescent self-control are in the low category and females are in the middle category. Female adolescent self-control is higher than male adolescent. Most of the respondents are in the low category of online gaming. Male adolescents have higher rate of online gaming than female adolescent. There's a negative correlation between age, sex difference, negative and self-control with online gaming. There are direct influence of self-control and positive indirect effect of emotional parenting practice through self-control to online gaming.

Calibration of the food parenting practice (FPP) item bank: tools for improving the measurement of food parenting practices of parents of 5–12-year-old children

Purpose There has been a call to improve measurement rigour and standardization of food parenting practices measures, as well as aligning the measurement of food parenting practices with the parenting literature. Drawing from an expert-informed conceptual framework assessing three key domains of food parenting practices (autonomy promotion, control, and structure), this study combined factor analytic methods with Item Response Modeling (IRM) methodology to psychometrically validate responses to the Food Parenting Practice item bank. Methods A sample of 799 Canadian parents of 5–12-year-old children completed the Food Parenting Practice item bank (129 items measuring 17 constructs). The factorial structure of the responses to the item bank was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), confirmatory bi-factor item analysis, and IRM. Following these analyses, differential Item Functioning (DIF) and Differential Response Functioning (DRF) analyses were then used to test invariance properties by parents’ sex, income and ethnicity. Finally, the efficiency of the item bank was examined using computerized adaptive testing simulations to identify the items to include in a short form. Results Overall, the expert-informed conceptual framework was predominantly supported by the CFA as it retained the same 17 constructs included in the conceptual framework with the exception of the access/availability and permissive constructs which were respectively renamed covert control and accommodating the child to better reflect the content of the final solution. The bi-factor item analyses and IRM analyses revealed that the solution could be simplified to 11 unidimensional constructs and the full item bank included 86-items (empirical reliability from 0.78 to 0.96, except for 1 construct) and the short form had 48 items. Conclusion Overall the food parenting practice item bank has excellent psychometric properties. The item bank includes an expanded version and short version to meet various study needs. This study provides more efficient tools for assessing how food parenting practices influence child dietary behaviours. Next steps are to use the IRM calibrated item bank and draw on computerized adaptive testing methodology to administer the item bank and provide flexibility in item selection.

Content and validity of claims made about Food Parenting Practices in UK online news articles: Qualitative analysis. (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED Objective: The primary objective of the study was to qualitatively summarise the content of online news articles pertaining to food parenting practices and to determine whether this content is substantiated by the scientific literature in this field. Method: News article data were identified and collected from UK online news published during 2010-2017 using the News on the Web corpus. A coding framework was used to categorise the content of news articles to identify food parenting practice related information. Further, claims made about FPPs were extracted from relevant news articles. A claim was defined as a statement that suggested or implied that there was a relationship between a food parenting practice and child or adult outcome. Each claim was then evaluated to determine the extent to which claims were supported by available scientific research evidence by the authors. Results: The study identified ten claims across thirty-two relevant online news articles. Most news articles were published on ‘middle-market’ tabloid news sites (e.g., Daily Mail). Claims made across the news articles reported on the following food parenting practices: restriction, food-based threats and bribes, pressure to eat, and use of food to control negative emotions, food availability, food preparation, and meal and snack routines. No articles were published around food parenting practices aiming to promote child autonomy. Conclusion: Eight out of the ten claims made did not refer to scientific research evidence. News articles frequently lack detail and information from scientific research to explain to readers why and how the use of certain food parenting practices might have a lasting impact on children’s health outcomes. The study also shows the lack of news media reporting on those food parenting practices known to be associated with healthy child outcomes such as nutrition education, and child involvement which may influence social norms and beliefs among parents. Given the influence that news media has on parents and their choice of parenting practices, the reporting of FPPs in news articles should aim to provide a balanced view of the published scientific evidence, and recognise the difficulties and barriers that prevent the use of helpful and healthy FPPs. The results of the study could be used to aid the structure of the dissemination of food parenting practice research findings in the media, inform public health education to influence perceptions of unhelpful food parenting practices and promote parental use of responsive food parenting practices.

Impact of Parents’ Knowledge about the Development of Self-Esteem in Adolescents and Their Parenting Practice on the Self-Esteem and Suicidal Behavior of Urban High School Students in Nepal

Background: Suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescents worldwide, self-esteem is a strong protective factor, and parents may be able to provide interventions. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine how parents can help enhance their adolescent’s self-esteem and prevent suicidal behavior among adolescents in Nepal. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to adolescents aged 13–19 years and their parents at eight high schools in three provinces in Nepal (n = 575 pairs). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (bivariate and multivariate regression analyses). Results: The mean self-esteem score of adolescents according to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was 16.59, and the prevalence of suicidal behavior was 11.3%. Parent’s knowledge about the development of self-esteem in adolescents was significantly positively related to parenting practice (communication, support, positive reinforcement, etc.) (B = 1.0, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.89–1.11) and authoritative parenting style (B = 0.2, 95% CI 0.15–0.25). Parental authoritativeness was positively associated with the self-esteem of their adolescents (B = 0.1, 95% CI 0.01–0.18), while adolescents with authoritarian parents were prone to suicidal risk behavior (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.19). Conclusion: Counseling to parents based on our findings would be helpful to enhance the self-esteem and prevent suicidal risk behavior in their adolescent children.