Characterization of the backyards, in the families of la Concordia, Chiapas, México / Caracterização dos traspatios das famílias de la Concordia, Chiapas, México

From the applied interviews, and selection of variables through factor analysis by principal components and clusters, it was found that 22 variables describe 83.13% of the variability. Six groups of backyards were identified, characterized by animal production, plant production, family size, available backyard area, export of labor power, diversity and animal consumption. Under the previous context, group one, made up of 44 backyards, these scenarios are characterized by family size and the export of labor, as income from labor. Group two, made up of 11 backyards, are scenarios characterized by their low production profile, made up of single-generation nuclear families. Group three, made up of 18 backyards, are scenarios characterized by the size of families, mainly extended, their low productive profile in animal production. Group four, made up of 20 backyards, are scenarios characterized by having a greater plant production, made up of nuclear families of two generations and extended. Group five, made up of 37 backyards, are scenarios characterized by having a greater diversity of animal species and used for family consumption, made up of nuclear families of two generations, likewise, exporting the labor force, as income from the hand of work. Group six, made up of four backyards, are scenarios characterized by having a larger backyard area, dedicated to animal production, mainly pigs. These types of backyards are made up of extended families.

Indication for Active Surveillance in the Era of MRI-Targeted Prostate Biopsies

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Active surveillance (AS) strategies were established to avoid overtreatment of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Low tumor volume represents one indication criteria; however, applying this criterion after MRI-targeted prostate biopsies may lead to overestimation of tumor volume; wherefore, patients suitable for AS would be exposed to the risk of overtreatment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective analysis included 318 patients in which PCa was detected by MRI-TRUS fusion prostate biopsy. Classic and extended indication for AS included Gleason 6 and Gleason 3 + 4 cancer, respectively. We assessed the effect of targeted biopsies and temporary rating strategies on eligibility for AS and developed new “composite” algorithms to more accurately assess eligibility for AS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Forty-four (13.8%) and 60 (18.9%) of the 318 patients qualified for AS according to “classic” and “extended” criteria, respectively. Application of the “composite 1” definition led to AS eligibility of 52 of 248 patients (20.97%) in the classic and of 77 of 248 patients (31.05%) in the “extended” group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> We could demonstrate that classic algorithms led to ineligibility of patients for AS. We propose a new rating algorithm to improve tumor assessment for a more accurate indication for AS.

Biomechanical parameters characterising the foot during normal gait

The biomechanical analysis allows to understand the normal and pathological gait, the mechanics of neuromuscular control, and last but not least, allows the visualisation of the effects of footwear on human gait or feet. Biomechanical analyses are very important for the footwear development process, as they can identify the incorrect loading of the foot or the incorrect gait pattern, thus avoiding the occurrence of deformations. This paper aims to create an average representative model of barefoot loading based on an extended group of participants by applying an optimal procedure for measuring biomechanical parameters. The variation of four basic biomechanical parameters, namely force, pressure, contact time and contact area, was measured using a pressure platform and a specialised software system. The data was collected from 32 healthy females, without particularities regarding foot health and the practice of performance sports, aged between 18 and 30 years, divided into three size groups – 36, 37 and 38. The T-Student test was applied to verify if there are significant differences between the left and right foot. Statistical indicators for each parameter were calculated, in order to characterize and establish the degree of variation of the obtained values, as follows: mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, the amplitude of variation and coefficient of variation (CV). The study results confirm that the obtained mean values can be used as input data to load the foot and perform virtual simulations of footwear products.

Broad-Spectrum Photo-Antimicrobial Polymers Based on Cationic Polystyrene and Rose Bengal

New strategies to fight bacteria and fungi are necessary in view of the problem of iatrogenic and nosocomial infections combined with the growing threat of increased antimicrobial resistance. Recently, our group has prepared and described two new readily available materials based on the combination of Rose Bengal (singlet oxygen photosensitizer) and commercially available cationic polystyrene (macroporous resin Amberlite® IRA 900 or gel-type resin IRA 400). These materials showed high efficacy in the antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we present the photobactericidal effect of these polymers against an extended group of pathogens like Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans using green light. The most interesting finding is that the studied materials are able to reduce the population of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with good activity, although, for C. albicans, in a moderate manner. In view of the results achieved and especially considering the inexpensiveness of these two types of photoactive polymers, we believe that they could be used as the starting point for the development of coatings for self-disinfecting surfaces.

Impact of Extended Duration of Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber Column Direct Hemoperfusion on Hemodynamics, Vasoactive Substance Requirement, and Pulmonary Oxygenation in Patients with Sepsis: An Observational Study

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used for patients with septic shock, and the recommended hemoperfusion period is 2 h. However, it remains unclear whether the optimal duration is 2 h or longer. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of PMX-DHP between conventional and longer duration of PMX-DHP. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively investigated 103 patients with sepsis who underwent PMX-DHP. The demographic data, routine biochemistry, microbiological data, and primary infection site were reviewed in the medical chart. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), and PaO₂/FiO₂, at baseline and day 3, were compared between the standard group (2 h of PMX-DHP) and the extended group (&#x3e;2 h of PMX-DHP). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Median MAP was significantly lower and median VIS was significantly higher in the extended group at baseline (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05, 0.01, respectively) There were no significant differences in APACHE II score, SOFA score, and PaO₂/FiO₂ at baseline between the 2 groups. The increase of MAP and the decrease in VIS from baseline to day 3 were significantly greater in the extended group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01, respectively). In the extended group, increase in PaO₂/FiO₂ was significantly larger in the patients who underwent ≥8 h duration than that in patients who underwent &#x3c;8 h duration (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). The ventilator-free days, the incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy, and the 28-day mortality were not different between the groups. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> Longer duration of PMX-DHP was associated with the improved MAP and decreased volume of vasoactive-inotropic agents compared with the conventional duration. Eight and longer hours duration of PMX-DHP was associated with the improvement in the pulmonary oxygenation. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of longer duration of PMX-DHP in patients with septic shock.

Orchestration of D. L. Klebanov and V. M. Zolotukhin: a comparative analysis

Background. In the last two decades there was a constantly increasing scholar interest to Kharkiv school of composition as a phenomenon of Ukrainian musical culture. Despite this, a lot of unstudied questions remain, which need to be researched. This includes problems of orchestral thinking, orchestral style and orchestral writing of Kharkiv composers, particularly, D. Klebanov and V. Zolotukhin. The novelty lies in the systematization of the principles of orchestration in the symphonies of D. Klebanov (based on the symphonies 1, 3, 6, 7) and the First Symphony of V. Zolotukhin. Analysis of literature. Orchestral music of both composers is researched quite sporadically. Its several facets are studied in works by M. Cherkashyna (1968), I. Frumina (1969), O. Gusarova (1988), T. Krasnopolska (1964), Yu. Malysheva (1967), N. Ocheretovska (2007), Е. Ponomarenko (2005), O. Roschenko (2005; 2016), А. Zamotaylo (2001), O. Zinkevych (2005), I. Zolotovytska (1980), A. Dmitriyeva (2016). There is an article by H. Savchenko (2018), specially devoted to orchestration of D. Klebanov The goal of this article is to reveal the principles of orchestration in symphonies by D. Klebanov (No. 1, 3, 6, 7) and V. Zolotukhin (No. 1) in aspect of comparative analysis. In the article the author operates such methods of research as analytical, functional, and comparative. Conclusions. In results of studying of orchestral works by D. Klebanov and V. Zolotukhin (First Symphony) in aspects of orchestral thinking and principles of orchestration, we have reached the following conclusions: 1) both composers prefer a triple orchestra, which is quite flexible, in order to achieve full-bodied orchestral texture and be able to operate different timbral colours; 2) in the works of both composer, there is an inclination to equal understanding of orchestral groups, including percussion in the first Symphony by V. Zolotukhin; 3) in the vertical projection there is a differentiation of the groups through orchestral functions, which causes a great transparency of the score; 4) much more slow changes of type of a texture and timbral combinations in horizontal projection sets apart orchestration of V. Zolotukhin from orchestration of D. Klebanov; 5) overall, orchestration of V. Zolotukhin is more dense, filled with doubles, it is dominated by “large touch”, which causes continuity and smaller degree of detailing; 6) a special trait of orchestration of D. Klebanov is thinking by timbral and textural layers with obvious distinction of orchestral function between them. Inside of these layers there is an additional split of orchestral functions which causes rather rare usage of doubles between instruments of different orchestral groups. For V. Zolotukhin, thinking with clearly defined timbral and textural layers is characteristic, which tells about realisation of orchestral polyphonic thinking on the macro level or the whole texture; 7) in orchestration of both composers there is a tendency to colouring: in the First Symphony by V. Zolotukhin it is brighter and more robust due to usage of more diverse timbral palette (from piano harp, celesta to extended group of percussion).

Survival impact of extended cycles of second-line chemotherapy in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer patients with residual tumor after six cycles

Background To determine if extended chemotherapy improves survival outcomes in patients with platinum-sensitive relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who have residual disease after six cycles of second-line chemotherapy. Methods In this study, 135 EOC patients who experienced platinum-sensitive recurrence after primary treatment between 2008 and 2018, and had a residual tumor ≥0.5 cm (detected on CT scans) after completing six cycles of second-line, platinum-based chemotherapy, were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the number of main therapy cycles (second-line chemotherapy), we divided patients into an extended group (>6 cycles, n = 52) or a standard group (6 cycles, n = 83) and compared patient characteristics and survival outcomes between these groups. Results The extended group had a shorter platinum-free interval after primary treatment than the standard group (median, 11.0 vs. 13.1 months; P = 0.018). Secondary debulking surgery was less frequently performed in the standard group (1.9% vs. 19.3%; P = 0.003). After six chemotherapy cycles, the extended and standard groups showed similar serum CA-125 levels (P = 0.122) and residual tumor sizes (P = 0.232). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (P = 0.382), although the extended group had significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) than the standard group (median, 13.9 vs. 15.1 months; P = 0.012). Multivariate analyses revealed that platinum-free interval was an independent prognostic factor for PFS and OS, but extended chemotherapy was not (PFS: HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.84–1.85; P = 0.279; and OS: HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.72–2.56; P = 0.342). We observed consistent results in the subset of patients who did not undergo secondary debulking surgery. Conclusions More than six cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy might not improve survival outcomes in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC who had a residual tumor ≥0.5 cm after six cycles of second-line chemotherapy.

Impact of Extended Duration of Polymyxin B-immobilized Fiber Column Direct Hemoperfusion on Hemodynamics, Vasoactive Substance Requirement, and Pulmonary Oxygenation in Patients With Sepsis: An Observational Study

BackgroundPolymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used for patients with septic shock, and the recommended hemoperfusion period is 2 h. However, it remains unclear whether the optimal duration is 2 h or longer. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of PMX-DHP between conventional and longer duration of PMX-DHP.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 103 patients with sepsis who underwent PMX-DHP between April 2015 and March 2020. The demographic data, routine biochemistry, microbiological data, primary infection site were reviewed in the medical chart. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS), respiratory rate, PaO2/FIO2, at baseline and day 3 were compared between the standard group (patients received 2 h of PMX-DHP) and extended group (patients received more than 2 h of PMX-DHP). Ventilator-free days, incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy, and 28-day mortality were also compared between the groups. ResultsMedian MAP was significantly lower and median VIS was significantly higher in the extended group at baseline (p < 0.05, 0.01, respectively) There were no significant differences in APACHE II score, SOFA score, and PaO2/FIO2 at baseline between the two groups. The increase of MAP and the decrease in VIS from baseline to day 3 were significantly greater in the extended group (p < 0.01, respectively). In the extended group, increase in PaO2/FIO2 was significantly larger in the patients who underwent ≥ 8 h duration than that in patients who underwent < 8 h duration (p < 0.01). The ventilator-free days, the incidence of continuous renal replacement therapy, and the 28-day mortality were not different between the groups.ConclusionsLonger duration of PMX-DHP effectively improved MAP and decreased the volume of vasoactive-inotropic agents compared with the conventional duration. Eight and longer hours duration of PMX-DHP improved the pulmonary oxygenation. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of longer duration of PMX-DHP in patients with septic shock. (329/350 limits)