On the bottomless lake of firstness: conjectures on the synthetic power of consciousness

This essay focuses on the concept of consciousness in C. S. Peirce’s work, revealing how its ways of being are associated with the three Peircean phenomenological categories. In this article, I intend to reflect on the heuristic power of the mind, namely, its ability to bring about new ideas, which, within Peirce’s logic of inquiry, is called by the well-known term of abduction. The abductive logical step promotes a synthesis of signs that constitutes a logical structure capable of proposing a new mediation or representation of a new phenomenon. I make use of a metaphorical passage from Peirce (CP 7.547, undated) not only to give the title to this essay, but also to highlight the importance of the first category as a sort of synechistic envelopment of an unprecedented logical structure of signs that composes a new synthesis. Two continua intertwine themselves, namely, those of the first and third categories, to account for what appears as a fact of the world in the theater of secondness. The essay also seeks to bring to light the core realism of Peirce’s philosophy, the genetic aspect of this bottomless lake, through its cosmology, where the generalization of forms and the acquisition of habits of reality are the proper ground of his Objective Idealism. One of the heuristic aspect of the lake metaphor is a sort of invitation to extend the concept of synthesis from the realm of logical structures to that one of arts, which in this essay will remain as a suggestion for a further reflection.

Serum Hepcidin Hormone Level and Its Genes Polymorphism

This chapter sheds light on hepcidin, historical view of hepcidin, and the time of its discovery in the first section. Then this chapter gives information about the genetic aspect and the importance of gene knowledge of hepcidin in explaining many disorders in human beings, supported by illustration figures. The regulation of iron in the human body as an essential function of hepcidin is discussed in this chapter. Examples of the genes of hepcidin (HAMP and HFE) are highlighted in detail as they are essential in regulating iron as well as discussing the genetic mutations that occur in these genes and their medical and clinical impacts for many diseases such as thalassemia. Finally, the inherited disorders related to hepcidin that lead to genetic diseases are discussed.

PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION AND PEDAGOGY: SUBJECT STATUS

The article deals with the features of the relationship between pedagogy and philosophy of education in the historical and genetic aspect. Various facets of their interaction caused by ideological and methodological approaches to the educational process are shown. Attention is drawn to the fact that the feature that distinguishes the philosophy of education from pedagogy is a holistic vision of education, the study of its problems in the most generalized and conceptual form. Various scientific approaches to pedagogy and philosophy of education are revealed, among which the situation developed within the framework of Soviet science is of particular interest, when pedagogy was understood as a “testing ground” for the application and approbation of philosophical ideas. Summarizing all the approaches, the authors come to the conclusion that the analysis of the education from the perspective of philosophy requires the recourse to pedagogy as a science, which explores the problems of education at a deep level, and from the perspective of pedagogy – the recourse to the philosophy of education, acting as a universal, conceptual, methodological, and ideological scientific knowledge.