Paradigmatic Uniformity: Evidence from Heritage Speakers of Spanish

Subject-verb agreement mismatches have been reported in the L2 and heritage literature, usually involving infinitives, analyzed as default morphological forms for fully specified T-heads. This article explores the mechanisms behind these mismatches, testing two hypotheses: the default form and the surface-similarity hypotheses. It compares non-finite and finite S-V mismatches with subjects with different persons, testing whether similarity with other paradigmatic forms makes them more acceptable, controlling for the role of verb frequency. Participants were asked to rate sentences on a Likert scale that included (a) infinitive forms with first, second and third person subjects, and (b) third person verbal forms with first, second and third person subjects. Two stem-stressed verbs (e.g., tra.j-o ‘brought.3p.past’) and two affix-stressed verbs (e.g., me.ti-o ‘introduced.3p.past’), varying in frequency were tested. Inflectional affixes of stem-stressed verbs are similar to other forms of the paradigm both phonologically and in being unstressed (tra.j-o ‘brought.3p.past’ vs. trai.g-o ‘bring.1 p.pres’), whereas affixes of affix-stressed verbs have dissimilar stress patterns (me.ti-o ´introduced.3p.past’ vs. me.t-o ‘introduce.1p.pres’). Results show significantly higher acceptability for finite vs. non-finite non-matching, and for 1st vs. 2nd person subjects. Stem-stressed verbs showed higher acceptability ratings than affix-stressed ones, suggesting a role for surface-form correspondence, partially confirming previous findings.

Automatic Control System for Bodies of Revolution Processing

This research is related to metalworking processing of bodies of revolution with the help of universal lathe machines. The technology includes the application of two types of vibrations to the working tool and the processed surface error measurement. To increase the manufacturing accuracy, the workpiece processed surface error is measured while a workpiece is being rotated; this rotation is performed with the workpiece being rigidly fixed in end supports and at the same time being damped in the sections between these supports. Furthermore, the parameters of vibrations applied to the tool working travel are defined by the workpiece form error and the nature of distribution of stresses that appear when the workpiece is fixed; the nature of the workpiece processed surface form error is extrapolated from the data obtained in the workpiece sections between the supports. Before manufacturing, the workpiece is corrected while being fixed in rigid supports, and the correction itself is performed as the function of magnitude and vector of the workpiece maximum deflection plane. The workpiece may be fixed in rigid supports; steady rests with double rollers may be used as such supports. The workpiece dampening in its sections between end supports may be performed using self-centering steady rests.

The ecological and economic achievements in landscape optimization of technogenic reliefs

Mining and accumulation of industrial and household waste on the earth’s surface form the technogenic relief of the planet. The main forms of violation of the natural relief are quarries, ditches, landfills and spoil tips. There are two ways of landscape optimization in order to restore ecological balance, to turn the aggressive terrain into an ecological and economic value. The first is a return to the original natural landscape. The process is implemented by ground filling of technogenic depressions, removal and chemical and technological processing of waste accumulated at landfills and spoil tips. The second way is to use technogenic relief to form a new natural landscape. The main attention of the article is paid to the optimization of technogenic landscapes by forest plantations and forest reclamation. As a result of these activities, environmentally safe and aesthetically expressive spaces are formed. Most of these facilities have a high potential for economic, socio-economic and recreational use. The outstanding world achievements in this field are considered. Their ecological and economic characteristics are given.

Ranking Algorithms for Word Ordering in Surface Realization

In natural language generation, word ordering is the task of putting the words composing the output surface form in the correct grammatical order. In this paper, we propose to apply general learning-to-rank algorithms to the task of word ordering in the broader context of surface realization. The major contributions of this paper are: (i) the design of three deep neural architectures implementing pointwise, pairwise, and listwise approaches for ranking; (ii) the testing of these neural architectures on a surface realization benchmark in five natural languages belonging to different typological families. The results of our experiments show promising results, in particular highlighting the performance of the pairwise approach, paving the way for a more transparent surface realization from arbitrary tree- and graph-like structures.

3D Measurement of Structured Specular Surfaces Using Stereo Direct Phase Measurement Deflectometry

With the rapid development of modern manufacturing processes, ultra-precision structured freeform surfaces are being widely explored for components with special surface functioning. Measurement of the 3D surface form of structured specular objects remains a challenge because of the complexity of the surface form. Benefiting from a high dynamic range and large measuring area, phase measurement deflectometry (PMD) exhibits great potential in the inspection of the specular surfaces. However, the PMD is insensitive to object height, which leads to the PMD only being used for smooth specular surface measurement. Direct phase measurement deflectometry (DPMD) has been introduced to measure structured specular surfaces, but the surface form measurement resolution and accuracy are limited. This paper presents a method named stereo-DPMD for measuring structured specular objects by introducing a stereo deflectometor into DPMD, so that it combines the advantages of slope integration of the stereo deflectometry and discontinuous height measurement from DPMD. The measured object is separated into individual continuous regions, so the surface form of each region can be recovered precisely by slope integration. Then, the relative positions between different regions are evaluated by DPMD system to reconstruct the final 3D shape of the object. Experimental results show that the structured specular surfaces can be measured accurately by the proposed stereo-DPMD method.

Semantic polyfunctionality and constructional networks

This paper offers an analysis of insubordinate subjunctive complement clauses (ISCs) in Spanish and aims to contribute to the general debate in Construction Grammar on how to deal with a highly pragmatically specified surface form that expresses several meanings. We explore whether the meanings expressed by ISCs are encoded in the construction or can be derived via independently existing principles of pragmatic interpretation. The results of the analysis are represented in a constructional network.