VACCINATION IN AQUACULTURE: HISTORY, PATTERNS AND FEATURES OF THE WORK

Historically, different types of fish served as the object of comparative immunology for studying the evolutionary development of immunity. With an increase in the rate of industrial fish rearing, the deterrent role of diseases was established, but at that stage the fight against them was carried out through chemotherapy with antibacterial substances. A special feature of aquaculture is the greater dependence of grown fish on environmental factors that are not influenced as in animal husbandry; therefore, the protection of the organism, based on natural or acquired immunity, is one of the most important components of the health of hydrobionts. In modern aquaculture, disease prevention based on stimulating the immune system – vaccination is an integral part of production management.