New floristic records from Central Europe 5 (reports 54-80)

The present fifth part of the series includes 27 new chorological records of vascular plants, seven from Czechia (Asperugo procumbens, Eragrostis pilosa, Malva pusilla, Pseudofumaria lutea, Verbascum blattaria, V. speciosum, Vulpia myuros); Geranium macrorrhizum from Hungary; Bromus secalinus and Erucastrum gallicum from Poland and three taxa from Romania (Sonchus palustris, Ranunculus ophioglossifolius and alien Xanthium spinosum). In Slovakia twelve native species (Cladium mariscus, Gentiana pneumonanthe, Gnaphalium luteoalbum, Juncus subnodulosus, Lindernia procumbens, Origanum vulgare subsp. prismaticum, Sonchus palustris, Taraxacum bessarabicum, T. cristatum, T. paludem-ornans and T. parnassicum) and two alien (Brachyactis ciliata and Datura innoxia) were found. Distribution map of critically endangered species Typha shuttleworthii and Taraxacum paludem-ornans with new localities in Slovakia are presented.

Alien invasive as well as rare and endangered species in the agrocenoses of the Ułęż commune

The paper analyses the presence of invasive alien species and rare taxons among crop weeds in the Ułęż commune. The study is based on phytosociological relevés taken according to the Braun-Blanquet method. In total, 99 phytosociological relevés were taken. The research was conducted in 2016 and 2017. Ten rare regional and cross-regional species were found among weeds in cultivated crops. These were: Agrostemma githago, Arnoseris minima, Avena strigosa, Chenopodium polyspermum, Consolida regalis, Veronica opaca, Veronica polita, Veronica agrestis, Bromus secalinus, and Centaurea cyanus. Some of the most common species in that area included Centaurea cyanus and Bromus secalinus, while Avena strigosa also belonged to frequent components of the local flora. Other species were recorded rarely or very rarely. Additionally, in the crops, there was a group of 16 invasive alien species. Setaria pumila had the largest vegetal cover and the largest number of positions. There were some more frequently recorded species like Echinochloa crus-galli, Galinsoga parviflora and Conyza canadensis, with Avena fatua being quite common as well. Other species quite often found were: Amaranthus retroflexus, Galinsoga ciliata, Veronica persica and Oxalis fontana. However, species such as Setaria viridis, Solidago canadensis, Bidens frondosa, Epilobium ciliatum, Alopecurus myosuroides, Bromus sterilis and Parthenocissus inserta were rarely or very rarely found in the crops.

Rzadkie gatunki flory kalcyfilnej w zbiorowiskach segetalnych na terenie województwa lubelskiego

Celem badań była dokumentacja stanowisk rzadkich gatunków kalcyfilnej flory segetalnej na terenie woj. lubelskiego. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań terenowych prowadzonych w latach 2005–2010 na polach zlokalizowanych na glebach rędzinowych. Każdą agrocenozę, w której stwierdzono występowanie gatunku uznanego za rzadki i zagrożony wyginięciem, traktowano jako odrębne stanowisko. Z grupy rzadkich taksonów kalcyfilnych w zbiorowiskach segetalnych na terenie woj. lubelskiego stwierdzono występowanie: Adonis aestivalis, Anagallis foemina, Anchusa arvensis, Anthemis tinctoria, Bromus secalinus, Camelina microcarpa, Cerinthe minor, Chaenorrhinum minus, Conringia orientalis, Consolida regalis, Erysimum cheiranthoides, Euphorbia exigua, Fumaria vaillantii, Lathyrus tuberosus, Melampyrum arvense, Melandrium noctiflorum, Muscari comosum, Neslia paniculata, Odontites verna, Salvia verticillata, Sherardia arvensis, Silene dichotoma, Stachys annua, Thlaspi perfoliatum, Valerianella dentata, Valerianella rimosa, Veronica agrestis, Veronica polita. Gatunki te zarejestrowano w 54 miejscowościach.

Germination of rye brome (Bromus secalinus L.) seeds under simulated drought and different thermal conditions

The aim of the present study was to compare the germination of rye brome (<em>Bromus secalinus </em>L.) seeds and the initial growth of seedlings under simulated drought and different thermal conditions. The study included two experiments carried out under laboratory conditions in the spring of 2012. The first experiment involved an evaluation of the speed of germination as well as of the biometric characters and weight of seedlings in polyethylene glycol solutions (PEG 8000) in which the water potential was: -0.2; -0.4; -0.65; -0.9 MPa, and in distilled water as the control treatment. The experiment was conducted at the following temperatures: 25/22oC and 18/14oC day/night, at a relative air humidity of 90%. The other experiment, in which lessive soil was used as a germination substrate, was carried out in a plant growth chamber at two levels of air humidity (55–65% and 85–95%) and temperature (22/10oC and 16/5oC). The soil moisture content was determined by the gravimetric method and the water potential corresponding to it was as follows: -0.02, -0.07, -0.16, -0.49, -1.55 MPa. The germination capacity and emergence of <em>Bromus secalinus </em>as well as the weight of sprouts produced were significantly dependent on the water potential of the polyethylene glycol solution and on the soil water potential. The emergence of <em>Bromus secalinus </em>was completely inhibited by reducing the soil water potential below -0.16 MPa (the point of strong growth inhibition). The emergence and biometric characters of rye bro- me seedlings were significantly dependent on temperature and air humidity.

Bromus secalinus L. w agrocenozach Podlaskiego Przełomu Bugu

W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę zbiorowisk z udziałem Bromus secalinus wykształcających się w uprawach zbóż na obszarze Podlaskiego Przełomu Bugu. Badania prowadzono w latach 2004–2009. Gatunek ten na badanym terenie występuje w płatach różnych podzespołów Vicietum tetraspermae i w fitocenozach Consolido-Brometum. Bromus secalinus spotykano również w zbiorowiskach zubożałych z gatunkami charakterystycznymi Aperion spicae-venti oraz przejściowym pomiędzy Aperion spicae-venti i Polygono-Chenopodion, wykształcającym się głównie w zbożach jarych. Bromus secalinus jest gatunkiem częstym w zbiorowiskach zbożowych Podlaskiego Przełomu Bugu. Wykazuje nawet pewne tendencje dynamiczne. Wskazuje na to m.in. występowanie analizowanego gatunku w różnych zbiorowiskach o szerokim spektrum siedliskowym, od siedlisk węglanowych do dość kwaśnych. Występowanie Bromus secalinus w zbiorowiskach fragmentarycznie wykształconych świadczy o małej wrażliwości na zachodzące przeobrażenia w rolnictwie i utrwalonej pozycji tego gatunku w zbiorowiskach zbożowych badanego terenu.

Flora of fallow lands of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion

Studies on flora of fallow lands of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion were carried out between 2001 and 2003 in the area of 77 localities, situated in 20 communes. A systematic list of fallow land flora was made and its variation with respect to occurrence frequency, biological spectrum, persistence and belonging to geographic-historical and sociological-ecological groups was analyzed. Flora of fallow lands of the Podlaski Przełom Bugu mesoregion includes 442 species included in 60 families and 241 botanical genera. The most numerous group comprises very rare, rare and quite frequent species. In the floristic composition of the analysed flora, apophytes (72.2%) predominate over anthropophytes (2.8%) as well as perennials (61%) over ephemerals (39%). Considering the biological spectrum of flora, hemicryptophytes (49%) and terophytes (32%) predominate over other life forms. Forest and shrub species (18.5%) as well as meadow (17%) and xerothermic sward plants (17.4%) have the largest share in the flora. The abundant occurrence of segetal (15.8%) and long-lived ruderal communities (8.1%) was also noted. Moreover, the occurrence of 25 species endangered with extinction in fallow land communities of the Południowopodlaska Lowland was noted. They are as follows: <i>Nigella arvensis</i>, <i>Potentilla recta</i>, <i>Platanthera chlorantha</i>, <i>Agrostemma githago</i>, <i>Prunella grandiflora</i>, <i>Populus alba</i>, <i>Silene tatarica</i>, <i>Papaver argemone</i>, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>, <i>Veronica polita</i>, <i>Hieracium floribundum</i>, <i>Bromus secalinus</i>, <i>Polygonum bistorta</i>, <i>Geum alleppicu</i>, <i>Astragalus arenarius</i>, <i>Centaurium erythraea</i>, <i>Veronica agrestis</i>, <i>Veronica verna</i>, <i>Cirsium rivulare</i>, <i>Allium oleraceum</i>, <i>Hierochlo&#235; odorata</i>, <i>Chenopodium polyspermum</i>, <i>Vinca minor</i>, <i>Dipsacus silvestris</i> and <i>Campanula latifolia</i>.

Efficacy of Propoxycarbazone-sodium for Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Control in Winter Wheat and Carryover on Double-Cropped Grain Sorghum

Southern Great Plains wheat growers typically apply either sulfosulfuron or propoxycarbazone-sodium for selective control of cheat. Although astute growers apply herbicides early in the growing season, herbicide application is often delayed until mid-winter or later. The effects of application timing of propoxycarbazone-sodium on cheat efficacy and on injury to the following grain sorghum crop have not been documented. Application of each herbicide at 17 intervals throughout the growing season indicated that cheat control with propoxycarbazone-sodium was greater than or equal to 90% even when application was delayed for several months after seeding. In contrast, cheat control with sulfosulfuron was variable when application was delayed more than 6 wk after wheat was seeded. Delaying sulfosulfuron application decreased wheat yield. Grain sorghum was not affected by propoxycarbazone-sodium residues regardless of application timing to wheat. Conversely, grain sorghum was severely injured by sulfosulfuron residues regardless of herbicide application timing.