Investigating the Potential of 8-Amidoquinoline Derivatives as a Fluorescent Probe for Zinc Detection: A Systematic Literature Review

Abundant of preparatory works have recognized that fluorescent sensors based on 8-aminoquinoline are popular tools to detect Zn2+ ions in environmental and biological applications. Along with these studies, researchers started to introduce a variety of carboxamido group into an 8-aminoquinoline molecule in forming 8-amidoquinoline derivatives. Therefore, this systematic review aims to introduce a general overview of the fluorophore 8-aminoquinoline as Zn2+ receptors and to provide comparisons of collected studies that related to 8-amidoquinoline derivatives as fluorophore probe of the sensor. According to PRISMA systematic searches strategy, 13 articles were analyzed for trends, research designs, results and discussion, subject samples, and remarks or conclusions. We found cross-sectional studies with four aspects in zinc sensing that have been targeted; binding studies via titration, detection's limit, interferences studies, and validation of the study. Hence, this paper also included assessments of those criteria and the trends of development of 8-amidoquinoline derivatives based-zinc fluorescent chemosensor. It also showed that most of the researches conducted in China. In conclusion, this study identified various research designs of fluorescent chemosensors based on 8-amidoquinoline prolong with the effectiveness and potential as a recognition probe to assist the detection of zinc. Hence, elucidation of those derivatives essential to be explored because more studies are needed to improve the sensing criteria of the zinc sensor

Intracellular and Extracellular Zinc Detection by Organic Fluorescent Receptor

Keeping in view the ever growing demand and application of the organic small molecules based sensitive and selective fluorescence detection strategies for the trace metallic ions in the ecosystem, fluids and inside intracellular media, the present literature survey was focused on the recent development on the organic skeleton based fluorescence sensor for the zinc ion as Zn2+ is the second most abundant transition metal after iron in human body. The prominent organic based skeletons introduced during the past three years for zinc detection including azine, ((Z)-N´-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)furan-2- carbohydrazide), nicotinohydrazide, hydrazone, phenolic cage, 4-methyl-2,6-bis[(E)-(2- (4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)methyl]phenol, bipyridine, N-(quinoline-8-yl)pyridine-2- carboxamide, anthracene, Schiff base, salen, helicene, Carbon Quantum Dots (CDs) functionalized with Calix[4]arene, coumarin, diaminomaleonitrile, peptide, hydroxypyrazole, salicylhydrazide were discussed in detail with particular focus on ligand-zinc complexation mechanism, UV-visible and fluorescence investigation, spectral variation, isosbestic emergence, limit of detection, ligand-zinc binding stoichiometry, association/binding constant and applications for intracellular tracing of metallic contamination via confocal fluorescence microscopic studies. Among the several discussed optical probes, rhodamine and fluorescein based material offer appreciable sensitivity, exhibiting drawback of pH sensitivity. Probes based on these ligands triggered “turn-on” signal even in the absence of metals upon fluctuation in pH e.g., acidic in former case and basic in the latter case. Hydroxypyrazole-based ligands also showed detection signal variation by switching the pH of the solution. Schiff base and bipyridyl scaffold were found to possess good ligation toward the several transition metals. Azole, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, hydrazine carboxamide and hydrazine carbothiomide are the bioactive molecules exhibiting good cell viability and probes designed by using these central nucleus might be better to invest for intracellular imaging. Symmetrical heterocyclic cage like probe showed better chelation toward several transition metals and it is a good choice for the design and development of sensor for simultaneous detection of several transition metals.

Nanomolar Zn(ii) sensing and subsequent PPi detection in physiological medium and live cells with a benzothiazole functionalized chemosensor

Nanomolar zinc detection and subsequent pyrophosphate sensing in physiological media using a benzothiazole modified conjugated ligand and their application in paper strip and live cell imaging is demonstrated.