Analysis of dynamic circuits of contactless switching devices

The main content of the study is the analysis of theoretical and virtual-experimental studies and methods of analysis of transients in semiconductor nonlinear dynamic circuits of contactless switching devices, presents transient graphs constructed using a virtual computer model. In addition, presents solutions of differential equations of the state of such circuits by the numerical Euler method.

Cortical Circuits for Top-down Control of Perceptual Grouping

A fundamental characteristic of human visual perception is the ability to group together disparate elements in a scene and treat them as a single unit. The mechanisms by which humans create such groupings remain unknown, but grouping seems to play an important role in a wide variety of visual phenomena, and a good understanding of these mechanisms might provide guidance for how to improve machine vision algorithms. Here, we build on a proposal that some groupings are the result of connections in cortical area V2 that join disparate elements, thereby allowing them to be selected and segmented together. In previous instantiations of this proposal, connection formation was based on the anatomy (e.g., extent) of receptive fields, which made connection formation obligatory when the stimulus conditions stimulate the corresponding receptive fields. We now propose dynamic circuits that provide greater flexibility in the formation of connections and that allow for top-down control of perceptual grouping. With computer simulations we explain how the circuits work and show how they can account for a wide variety of Gestalt principles of perceptual grouping and two texture segmentation tasks. We propose that human observers use such top-down control to implement task-dependent connection strategies that encourage particular groupings of stimulus elements in order to promote performance on various kinds of visual tasks.

Corticothalamic Pathways in Auditory Processing: Recent Advances and Insights From Other Sensory Systems

The corticothalamic (CT) pathways emanate from either Layer 5 (L5) or 6 (L6) of the neocortex and largely outnumber the ascending, thalamocortical pathways. The CT pathways provide the anatomical foundations for an intricate, bidirectional communication between thalamus and cortex. They act as dynamic circuits of information transfer with the ability to modulate or even drive the response properties of target neurons at each synaptic node of the circuit. L6 CT feedback pathways enable the cortex to shape the nature of its driving inputs, by directly modulating the sensory message arriving at the thalamus. L5 CT pathways can drive the postsynaptic neurons and initiate a transthalamic corticocortical circuit by which cortical areas communicate with each other. For this reason, L5 CT pathways place the thalamus at the heart of information transfer through the cortical hierarchy. Recent evidence goes even further to suggest that the thalamus via CT pathways regulates functional connectivity within and across cortical regions, and might be engaged in cognition, behavior, and perceptual inference. As descending pathways that enable reciprocal and context-dependent communication between thalamus and cortex, we venture that CT projections are particularly interesting in the context of hierarchical perceptual inference formulations such as those contemplated in predictive processing schemes, which so far heavily rely on cortical implementations. We discuss recent proposals suggesting that the thalamus, and particularly higher order thalamus via transthalamic pathways, could coordinate and contextualize hierarchical inference in cortical hierarchies. We will explore these ideas with a focus on the auditory system.

Substantiating parameters brake system of the tractor trailer

The article discusses substantiating the parameters brake system of a tractor-trailer (TT). The section offers a comparative analysis of theoretical and experimental studies of the TT brake drive and the parameters of its elements. Based on that, ordinary differential equations were solved by the Runge - Kutta method, the first-order accuracy (Euler's method). To solve partial differential equations, we used a modified Lax - Wendroff scheme. The results were obtained using the methods described above are theoretically very consistent with the triggering time ts = 0.47 s and the experimental value 0.46 s. Thus, the studying dynamic circuits of the pneumatic drive of TT brakes showed a high converging theoretical characteristic for a typical control line of a drive with an accelerating valve with experimental data, and the error was no more than 5%.

RESEARCH OF OPTOELECTRONIC VOLTAGE RELAY

Article represents using theoretical analysis and experimental studies of nonlinear resistive circuits and it was developed that it is important to use such circuits as power contactless switching devices to ensure a quality power supply for consumers. The paper deals with the problems of designing lightweight, reliable, high-speed contactless optoelectronic voltage relays with extended service life, combining a responsive device and a strong executive body with a sinusoidal form of the load voltage curve. Theoretical studies of transients in nonlinear dynamic circuits result in the solution of differential condition equations by a computational method built on the basis of optoelectronic pressure relays with time delay. Experimental investigations and the operating theory of this relay are addressed.

A New Keeper Domino Logic Based Full Adder for High Speed Arithmetic Circuits

Objective: A new efficient keeper circuit has been proposed in this article for achieving low leakage power consumption and to improve power delay product of the dynamic logic using carbon nanotube MOSFET. Method: As a benchmark, an one-bit adder has been designed and characterized with both technologies Si-MOSFET and CN-MOSFET using proposed and existing dynamic circuits. Furthermore, a comparison has been made to demonstrate the superiority of CN-MOSFET technology with Synopsys HSPICE tool for multiple bit adders available in the literature. Result: The simulation results show that the proposed keeper circuit provides lower static and dynamic power consumption up to 57 and 40% respectively, as compared to the domino circuits using 32nm CN-MOSFET technology provided by Stanford University. Moreover, the proposed keeper configuration provides better performance using SiMOSFET and CN-MOSFET technologies. Conclusion: A comparison of the proposed keeper with previously published designs is also given in terms of power consumption, delay and power delay product with the improvement up to 75, 18 and 50% respectively. The proposed circuit uses only two transistors, so it requires less area and gives high efficiency.

Noise-Tolerant Circuits in Deep-Submicron using Delay Pass Transistor Circuit

In this paper, we propose a technique to increase the noise tolerance significantly over that of the existing circuit components and design styles. The paper proposes noise tolerance in the discrete, yet interrelated, areas of computational components design, powerless/groundless design style, dynamic circuit style, and memory design. Our results indicate a huge gain in noise-tolerance over the existing circuits and styles. The circuit components and design styles, developed by the technique, are integrated into architectures to study and demonstrate the combined effects of the techniques. This will be in addition to observing and analyzing the individual noise-tolerances of each components and circuit styles developed. We are proposing the limiter pass transistor technique, which is a new method to immune dynamic circuits from noise. Our proposed technique demonstrates 5.9X times gain in noise tolerance over the convectional dynamic circuit and 3.0 X gains over the best known method in the literature. Based on the preliminary proposed technique, we expect to come with dynamic circuit styles that can provide an order of magnitude more noiseimmunity.

Non-linear filtering for bilinear stochastic differential systems: A Stratonovich perspective

Bilinear stochastic differential equations have found applications to model turbulence in autonomous systems as well as switching uncertainty in non-linear dynamic circuits. In signal processing and control literature, bilinear stochastic differential equations are ubiquitous, since they capture non-linear qualitative characteristics of dynamic systems as well as offer closed-form solutions. The novelties of the paper are two: we weave bilinear filtering for the Stratonovich stochasticity. Then this paper unfolds the usefulness of bilinear filtering for switched dynamic systems. First, the Stratonovich stochasticity is embedded into a vector ‘bilinear’ time-varying stochastic differential equations. Then, coupled non-linear filtering equations are achieved. Finally, the non-linear filtering results are applied to an appealing bilinear stochastic Ćuk converter circuit. This paper also encompasses a system of coupled bilinear filtering equations for the vector input Brownian motion case. This paper brings the notions of systems theory, that is, bilinearity, Stratonovich stochasticity, non-linear filtering techniques and switched electrical networks together. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the proposed bilinear filter can achieve much better and accurate filtering performance than the conventional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).

Associate Submersions and Qualitative Properties of Nonlinear Circuits with Implicit Characteristics

We introduce in this paper an equivalence notion for submersions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] open in [Formula: see text], which makes it possible to identify a smooth planar curve with a unique class of submersions. This idea, which extends to the nonlinear setting the construction of a dual projective space, provides a systematic way to handle global implicit descriptions of smooth planar curves. We then apply this framework to model nonlinear electrical devices as classes of equivalent functions. In this setting, linearization naturally accommodates incremental resistances (and other analogous notions) in homogeneous terms. This approach, combined with a projectively-weighted version of the matrix-tree theorem, makes it possible to formulate and address in great generality several problems in nonlinear circuit theory. In particular, we tackle unique solvability problems in resistive circuits, and discuss a general expression for the characteristic polynomial of dynamic circuits at equilibria. Previously known results, which were derived in the literature under unnecessarily restrictive working assumptions, are simply obtained here by using dehomogenization. Our results are shown to apply also to circuits with memristors. We finally present a detailed, graph-theoretic study of certain stationary bifurcations in nonlinear circuits using the formalism here introduced.