Physical Visualization of Geospatial Datasets

Geospatial datasets are too complex to easily visualize and understand on a computer screen. Combining digital fabrication with a discrete global grid system (DGGS) can produce physical models of the Earth for visualizing multiresolution geospatial datasets. This proposed approach includes a mechanism for attaching a set of 3D printed segments to produce a scalable model of the Earth. The authors have produced two models that support the attachment of different datasets both in 2D and 3D format.

High-Flexibility MPPT Techniques with Communication Scan Network for PV Micro-Grid System

This paper proposes the design and implementation of inductor-inductor-capacitor (LLC) converters with modules connected in series with the power scan method and communication scan network (CSN) to achieve MPPT and regulate the output voltage for the PV micro-grid system. The Dc/Dc converters includes six isolated LLC modules in series to supply ±380 V output voltage and track the maximum power point of the PV system. The series LLC converters are adopted to achieve high efficiency and high flexibility for the PV micro-grid system. The proposed global maximum power scan technique is implemented to achieve global maximum power tracking by adjusting the switching frequency of the LLC converter. To improve the system flexibility and achieve system redundancy, module failure can be detected in real time with a communication scan network, and then the output voltage of other modules will be changed by adjusting the switching frequency to maintain the same voltage as before the failure. Additionally, the proposed communication scan network includes the RS-485 interface of the MPPT series module and the CAN BUS communication interface with other subsystems’ communication for the PV micro-grid application system. Finally, a 6 kW MPPT prototype with a communication scan network is implemented and the proposed control method is verified for the PV system.

DSM for Energy Optimization and Communications Within Smart Grid CPSs

Energy demand has increased significantly in the recent years due to the emerging of new technologies and industries, in particular in the developing countries. This increase requires much more developed power grid system than the existing traditional ones. Smart grid (SG) offers a potential solution to this problem. Being one of the most needed and complex cyber-physical systems (CPS), SG has been addressed exhaustively by researchers, from different views and aspects. However, energy optimization yet needs much more studying and examination. Therefore, this chapter presents a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the state-of-the-art developments in SG as a CPS with emphasis on energy optimization techniques and challenges. It also surveys the main challenges facing the SG considering CPS factors and the remarkable accomplishments and techniques in addressing these challenges. In addition, the document contrasts between different techniques according to their efficiency, usage, and feasibility. Moreover, this work explores the most effective applications of the SG as a CPS.