International Human Resource Management

Nowadays, internationalization is key for the survival of firms. Internationalization of a firm involves an internationalization of all the functional areas of the firm, of which international human resource management (IHRM) is one of the most relevant. In an international context, managers should make decisions about what human resource practices are best suited to the firm's international operations. Being aware of the differences between domestic and international human resource management will help readers and managers to establish operational mechanisms to deal with country differences in terms of industrial labor, culture, and firm practices. Therefore, after reading this chapter, readers should be able to deal with aspects like adaptation or standardization of HR practices, international staffing, and relevant issues around expatriation and repatriation.

Antecedents to firm performance during re-internationalization

There is a paucity of research on re-internationalization, where firms re-enter international operations after complete withdrawal from previous international operations. The extant literature is largely silent on what drives firm performance during re-internationalization. We conducted an empirical investigation of re-internationalized enterprises from India to identify key antecedents to firm performance during the re-internationalization phase. Data analysis using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) indicates that initial internationalization experiences, presence of dynamic capabilities, and organizational commitment to internationalization positively contribute to re-internationalization performance. The findings have implications for firm strategies, organization systems, managerial attention to knowledge management, policies supporting subventions, and for future research into de-internationalization and re-internationalization. JEL Classification: F23

Blows to global crime groups will drive innovation

Significance The news follows the high-profile arrest in May of Rocco Morabito, the fugitive suspected leader of Italy’s ‘Ndrangheta mafia, in a US-Brazilian operation. Pandemic lockdowns have catalysed supply-side innovation and new distribution arrangements in cocaine markets. Successful international operations to disrupt markets are being offset by such innovation and by accelerating drug violence. Impacts Recent ‘takedowns’ of transnational crime networks will trigger power struggles. Record European seizures of Latin American cocaine will see suppliers seek more secure shipping routes and more reliable import partners. European states will press Colombia on more development-focused responses to coca cultivation; US emphasis will remain largely coercive.

DELOVANJE SLOVENSKE VOJSKE V ČASU EPIDEMIJE COVIDA-19

V prispevku je predstavljen pojav epidemije covida-19 v Republiki Sloveniji, s poudarkom na delovanju Slovenske vojske. Opisujemo odziv Slovenske vojske na epidemijo in postopke ter procese, ki jih je izvajala na svojih nalogah tako doma kot v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah v tujini, ter omogočila dodatno podporo državi in državljanom pri spoprijemanju z novim virusom. Poudarek je na postopkih in procesih, vodenih v Vojaški zdravstveni enoti, za spremljanje epidemioloških razmer. Delovanje Slovenske vojske, ki se navezuje na delovanje njihovih zdravstvenih enot med epidemijo covid-19, primerjamo z nekaterimi drugimi oboroženimi silami. Ključne besede covid-19, epidemija, virus, Slovenska vojska, Vojaška zdravstvena enota. Abstract The article presents the phenomenon of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Republic of Slovenia with focus on the activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces. It describes the response of the Slovenian Armed Forces to the epidemic, and the procedures and processes applied as part of its missions at home and in international operations and missions abroad. These activities provided additional support to the state and its citizens in dealing with the new virus. The emphasis is put on the procedures and processes of the Military Medical Unit aimed at monitoring the epidemiological situation. Additionally, the epidemic-related activities of the Slovenian Armed Forces and its medical units are compared to the activities of several other armed forces. Key words COVID-19, epidemic, virus, Slovenian Armed Forces, Military Medical Unit

ENGINEERING ACTIVITY AS A FACTOR OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY

Стремительный рост международных операций в торговле инженерными и консалтинговыми услугами привел к формированию глобального рынка инжиниринговых услуг. Инжиниринговая деятельность является одним из основных видов функционирования сферы услуг в условиях научно-технического и инновационного развития экономики. The rapid growth of international operations in the trade of engineering and consulting services has led to the formation of a global market for engineering services. Engineering activity is one of the main types of functioning of the service sector in the conditions of scientific, technical and innovative development of the world economy.

The U.S.–Lithuanian Defense Cooperation and Arms Acquisition from the U.S.

The aim of the study is to characterize the U.S. and Lithuanian defense cooperation from 1990–2020 including arms procurements. Findings suggest close defense cooperation between countries at Presidential, Congressional, and Defense Ministry/Secretary levels. The most developed cooperation areas are joint participation in international operations, improvements of the Lithuanian Armed Forces’ capabilities, and an increase of the U.S. military presence in the Baltic region. An analysis of Lithuanian defense procurements between 1990–2020 indicates that the majority of defense armaments were acquired from the U.S. using the Foreign Military Sales venue while other options to obtain armaments were not used.

Legislative Restrictions on Participation in Armed Conflicts in Latvia

Regulation of the Republic of Latvia ensures limitation of both illegal participation in armed conflicts and gaining unwanted military experience. The article analyses norms of the Criminal Law and the National Security Law which restrict the service in the armed forces of other countries and participation in the armed conflicts. These norms have been studied in connection with the norms of the Citizenship Law and the Law On Participation of Latvian National Armed Forces in International Operations. The purpose of the article is to propose the possible solutions to the identified problems, by analysing the stated regulation, in order to reduce the possible unintentional violation of the regulation by individuals. The historical, analytical, systemic and teleological methods have been used in the preparation of the article. Keywords: participation in the armed conflict, military service, Latvian citizenship, non-citizen.

Introduction

International business strategy is a field where theory continuously seeks to meet business practice. Increasingly, scholars of international business strategy are concerned with the uncertainties and complexities of international operations, especially when firms commit significant resources to foreign markets. Over time, multinational enterprises have evolved in order to manage the challenges in their environments. The contributions in this volume address key remaining challenges and opportunities for the modern multinational enterprise. These contributions include refinements of traditional ideas about the role of firm-specific and country-specific advantages as well as new knowledge around how the heterogeneity observed in international business strategic behavior stems from the size, origin, governance and other characteristics of the firm. Further, we invite the reader to explore new dimensions of international business strategy, in order to understand the strategic implications of digitalization or the increased social pressure placed on MNEs to “do the right thing” and manage international operations responsibly, in ever changing social, economic and institutional environments. Each chapter provides insightful future research directions and implications for management and policy. This collection is a complete Handbook of International Business Strategy that should serve as a knowledge repository for scholars and managers alike.

Ideological Focus, Tactical Performance, and the Survival of Terrorist Orgnizations

The analysis uses longitudinal information on nearly 500 terrorist organizations to examine the argument that a terrorist organization's survival and lethality will be threatened to the extent that it has an ambiguous ideological identity attributed to it. This paper finds support for this claim, controlling for competition of rivals and allies, tactical diversity, size, international operations, and other measures of organizational capacity.