lncRNA OR3A4 Promotes the Proliferation and Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer Through KLF6 Pathway

Aim: Ovarian cancer is a collaborative malignant tumor of the female reproductive system in clinical research. Some clinical studies have shown that OR3A4, which is a cancer-causing lncRNA, plays a major role in promoting the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. And we also expressed the view that it expressed in ovarian tissue. However, the function of OR3A4 in ovarian cancer remains unclear.Methods and Results: To further verify the function of lncRNA OR3A4 in ovarian cancer, we established the xenograft model in the zebra fish. In this study, cells transformed with OR3A4 shRNA plasmids were transplanted into the zebra fish, and the cell proliferation and migration ability were significantly reduced compared to the empty vector. While knocking out OR3A4, we further downregulated its expression by siRNA of KLF6. Our study found that the knocked out OR3A4 resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and migration level, which can be found in the downregulated expression of KLF6. We also verify the relationship between OR3A4 and circulating tumor cells in the zebra fish xenograft model, the results indicate that lncRNA OR3A4 may be involved in the resistance of ovarian cancer to complain.Conclusion: lncRNA OR3A4 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer through the KLF6 pathway.

Selenium and Zinc Oxide Multinutrient Supplementation Enhanced Growth Performance in Zebra Fish by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Growth-Related Gene Expression

Selenium and zinc are important dietary micronutrients having antimicrobial and antioxidant roles, thereby assisting in normal development, and an enhanced immune system. Supplementation of selenium and zinc for enhancing the growth performance and reproductive capacity in fish was explored in this study. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a 10-h dry milling technique at a 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) and were premixed with basal feed followed by the administration to adult zebra fish (D. rerio) (2 months old) for 30 days. Growth analysis revealed that zebra fish fed with SeNPs + ZnONPs (2 mg/ kg, equimolar mixture) had significantly higher length and weight than only SeNP (2 mg/ kg) or ZnONP (2 mg/ kg) groups and control zebra fish (p < 0.05). The average length–weight relationships were assessed by estimating the condition factor (C), which was highest in the SeNP + ZnONP group (1.96), followed by a downward trend in SeNP (C = 1.15) and ZnONP (1.11) (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 was significantly high in the SeNP + ZnONP group compared to other groups (p < 0.05), which indicated that combined administration of both the nanoparticles in basal feed enhanced the growth performance of zebra fish. Intracellular ROS generation was low in the combined group, followed by control, SeNP, and ZnONP groups, indicating higher concentrations of both nanoparticles, in particular, ZnONPs induced oxidative stress. Fecundity and the development of fertilized embryos were significantly high in the SeNP + ZnONP–treated zebra fish compared to only the SeNP- or ZnONP-treated group or control (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that supplementation of SeNP + ZnONP in basal feed could considerably improve the growth performance and development of zebra fish which could be exploited for enhancing aquaculture production.

Evaluation of Antibiotic Residue in Cow Milk and Its Impact on Danio Rerio

Ceftriaxone (CEFT), a widely used wide-spectrum beta -lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, is used to treat bovine mastitis, which is caused by a variety of bacteria. When this antibiotic is used injudiciously, it leaves a residue that persists after pasteurization. Antibiotic residue contamination occurs when antibiotic residue exceeds its Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs).This has a negative impact on both public health and the environment. The aim of a recent study was to determine the concentration of ceftriaxone residue (CEFTR) in raw and pasteurized mastitis cow milk, as well as its role in developmental toxicity and genotoxicity in zebra fish model. CEFTR concentrations in raw and pasteurized milk were several times higher than CEFT's MRL. CEFTR showed a decrease in body length and yolk sac region of zebra fish larvae 7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), C3 and C7 are the cephalosporin constituents that produced by the breakdown of CEFT that may present in CEFTR, have an impact on the zebra fish embryo in this stage of development. Comet Assay or single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) also exhibited highest percentage of tail DNA, and tail moment that is the ultimate indicator of DNA damage by breaking DNA strands and incorporating guanine residue in the genome that ultimately damages DNA. As a result, the CEFTR is extremely concerning for public health and the environment. The toxic effects of the CEFTR in zebra fish model have not been studied yet. This is the first comprehensive study.

CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO PHTHALATES, MICRO PLASTICS AND NANO-PLASTICS ON THE ORGANISMS

Study of Microplastice, Polystyrene and phthalates (BPA, DBP, and DEHP) is as popular as scientists use them as a key point to reach up the new approaches. Toxicity of Phthalates and plastic components come through various sources that we are using in our daily life and it results in hazardous impacts on vertebrates and non-vertebrates organisms. Previous researches on the effect of these components have been done by using the model organisms. This review paper contains the information of past studies regarding toxicity of Microplastic and phthalates in vertebrates like mammals (human beings and whale), aquatic organisms, Zebra fish (Danio rerio) and invertebrates including D. melanogaster, D. pulex and D. magna. Ingestion of phthalates and plastic components in organisms takes place due to the contaminated water and food. Many research papers studies have explained that, those 44 organisms (weather aquatic or terrestrial) who consume plastic and phthalates through their contaminated food with different concentrations always suffer from some morphological, behavioral, biochemical and reproductive deformities. Ingestion of these components into the organisms contains a proper cycle of food web. Each and every organism hasa direct or indirect impact of Micro plastic and phthalates. Some scientists also explained that how a pregnant woman can be responsible for the disease in fetus and infants after consumption of these compounds. Male and female have different types of toxicity in their body functions including hormonal disturbance. So, plastic and phthalates have adverse consequences on aquatic life and human health

SCIENTIFIC VALIDATION OF SASTRIC SIDDHA DRUG MANJAL KAMALAI KIYAZHAM AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ZEBRA FISH (DANIO RERIO) MODEL

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the hepatoprotective nature of Siddha formulation manjal noi kudineer (MNK) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Zebrafish Danio rerio model. Methods: Pharmacological studies were carried out in the adult zebra fish model in the category of four groups; each individual group contained ten animals. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were considered as control groups, disease control groups, and drug treated groups at different concentrations, respectively. Histopathological analysis was recorded. Results: The observed research findings were confirmed that this novel Siddha formulation MNK possess potent hepatoprotective effect at the both dose level of 250 mg/l–500 mg/l against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish. Conclusion: Siddha medicinal formulation has been in practice for more than 1000 years. Liver diseases are the highly prevalent one among all the diseases. Although huge drugs are available for liver diseases, there is a need for cost effectiveness drugs without any adverse effect. From the study, it was concluded that the drug MNK has promising hepatoprotective activity in dose-dependent manners and restores the basic liver architecture by means of its rejuvenating potential against paracetamol induced toxicity in Zebrafish model. We can strongly suggest that the Sastric Siddha drug MNK to treat various kinds of liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. This research work may be highly beneficial to the people who suffered from various liver diseases if the drug will be given clinically.