One-Pot Synthesis of Quinazoline Derivatives Using Copper Nanocatalyst Stabilized on Graphene Oxide Functionalized by N1,N2-bis((Pyridine-2-yl)Methyl)Benzene-1,2-Diamine

Having a biological property is just one of features of N-heterocycles. Another thing is to be dramatically well-designed. In other words, awe-inspiring combination of materials and the thing that really makes these materials just unique of its kind is nothing but its medical properties. That is why, majority of scientists are full of enthusiasm for synthesizing of these types of materials. ln this article, we have reported five effective methods for synthesizing quinazoline, which is a immensely important group of N-heterocycles with using copper nanocatalyst stabilized on graphene oxide functionalized by N1,N2-bis((pyridine-2-yl)methyl)benzene-1,2-diamine. Moreover, we have investigated the effects of substitutions connected to aldehydes, benzylamines and benzamides as a carbon source of quinazoline heterocyclic ring. Finally, we have assessed effects kinds of ammonium salts as a nitrogen source of quinazoline heterocyclic ring.

Recent Developments and Biological Activities of 5-Oxo-Imidazolones Derivatives: A Review

Heterocyclic compounds are essential primary units for both the synthetic and natural starting points. 5-oxo-imidazolone is a 5-member ring system that contains 3 carbons and 2 nitrogens that are arranged at 3 and 1 positions, and ─C═O at the 5th position of the ring. 5-oxo-imidazolone is known as a privileged molecule because of its all biological potency. This biological property increased the attention of many investigators to analyze this ring system and expose several activities. The present review aims to outline the various activities reported on the synthesis and the biological potencies of 5-oxo-imidazolone derivatives. 5-oxo-imidazolone is an important pharmacophore in modern drug discovery.

Cognitive linguistic aspects of the most important functions of language

A figurative fantasy function presented in the article is meant to provide a link between language and imagination by sparing consciousness copresence. The article reflects the scholars’ controversy concerning the determination of a key function of language. A communicative function of language is replaced by an adaptive one with ever increasing frequency, and language capacity is considered as a biological property of a living organism. The adaptive function of language implies the modification of the behavior of communicants such that the reality provides them with the best conditions for interaction. A communicant modifies their speech behavior, enhancing their general adaptational capacity in the surrounding. Thus, linguistic signs perform the function of orienting toward a more effective type of interpersonal interaction. The method of analytical reconstruction made it possible to obtain a systematic understanding of verbal and cogitative processes and conceptualization of semantic experience through the prism of understanding the functions of language.

A New Metric Quantifying Chemical and Biological Property of Small Molecule Metabolites and Drugs

One prominent class of drugs is chemical small molecules (CSMs), but the majority of CSMs are of very low druggable potential. Therefore, it is quite important to predict drug-related properties (druggable properties) for candidate CSMs. Currently, a number of druggable properties (e.g., logP and pKa) can be calculated by in silico methods; still the identification of druggable CSMs is a high-risk task, and new quantitative metrics for the druggable potential of CSMs are increasingly needed. Here, we present normalized bond energy (NBE), a new metric for the above purpose. By applying NBE to the DrugBank CSMs whose properties are largely known, we revealed that NBE is able to describe a number of critical druggable properties including logP, pKa, membrane permeability, blood–brain barrier penetration, and human intestinal absorption. Moreover, given that the human endogenous metabolites can serve as important resources for drug discovery, we applied NBE to the metabolites in the Human Metabolome Database. As a result, NBE showed a significant difference in metabolites from various body fluids and was correlated with some important properties, including melting point and water solubility.

Cytoplasmic sharing through apical membrane remodeling

Multiple nuclei sharing a common cytoplasm are found in diverse tissues, organisms, and diseases. Yet, multinucleation remains a poorly understood biological property. Cytoplasm sharing invariably involves plasma membrane breaches. In contrast, we discovered cytoplasm sharing without membrane breaching in highly resorptive Drosophila rectal papillae. During a six-hour developmental window, 100 individual papillar cells assemble a multinucleate cytoplasm, allowing passage of proteins of at least 62 kDa throughout papillar tissue. Papillar cytoplasm sharing does not employ canonical mechanisms such as incomplete cytokinesis or muscle fusion pore regulators. Instead, sharing requires gap junction proteins (normally associated with transport of molecules < 1 kDa), which are positioned by membrane remodeling GTPases. Our work reveals a new role for apical membrane remodeling in converting a multicellular epithelium into a giant multinucleate cytoplasm.