Analysis of Landing Airplane Queue Systems at Juanda International Airport Surabaya

Juanda International Airport is currently preparing to realize the construction of terminal 3. This construction project impression that Juanda Airport is experiencing an overload, including in the airplane queue. This study aims to analyze the current queuing system at the Juanda International Airport apron, whether effective, quite effective, or less effective in serving the number of existing flights with two terminals. An analysis of the queuing system was conducted in several scenarios. They are in normal/regular condition, a scenario if there is an increase in flight frequency, and a scenario if there is a reduction in aprons’ number because of certain exceptional situations. To analyze the airplane’s landing queue at Juanda airport apron, the queuing model (M/M/51) : (FCFS/∞/∞) is used. From this model, the results show that in normal conditions, the estimated waiting time for each airplane in the system is 0.18 hours with a queue of 2 up to 3 planes/hour, categorized as effective. In one apron reduction scenario, each airplane’s estimated waiting time in the system is 0.7 hours, with a queue of 6 up to 7 planes categorized as less effective. In the scenario of additional flights, only 9 other flights are allowed every day to keep the service performance still quite effective. By obtaining this results analysis, the decision of PT. Angkasa Pura 1 (Persero) to build terminal 3 is suitable to reduce queuing time and improve Juanda International Airport services to be more effective.

Flying males mediate oviposition and migration in female Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

In recent decades, the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata (Walker), has caused severe damage to staple grains in China. However, little is known about when M. separata begin their first migration and the role of males in reproduction and migration. Here, the migratory benefits and reproductive costs of flight frequency were examined in adults under laboratory conditions. We found that flying males had a positive effect on ovarian and reproductive development in females who flew for 1–2 nights by comparing two treatment groups (flying and nonflying male groups). Moreover, flying males decreased the flight capacity and flight propensity of females. In contrast, flight for more than two nights by males significantly inhibited ovarian and reproductive development in adult females. Compared with the controls (0 night), male flight for 1–2 nights significantly shortened the preoviposition period but significantly increased ovarian and reproductive development in females. However, male flight for more than three nights significantly inhibited female reproduction and flight capacity. These results indicate that M. separata begin their first migration within 2 days after emergence and fly for two nights. Prolonged flight times can result in significant reproductive costs. Females initiated their first migration earlier than males due to a stronger flight capacity. These observed findings will be useful for forecasting and monitoring population dynamics to prevent outbreaks of M. separata and reduce crop losses.

Linking the Determinants of Air Passenger Flows and Aviation Related Carbon Emissions: A European Study

Increasing global concern regarding the negative consequences of climate change will see the introduction of comprehensive policy governing aviation-related carbon emissions. With demand for air travel set to accelerate over the next three decades airlines are faced with the task of catering to increased demand while simultaneously achieving emission reductions. In this study we identify the determinants of air passenger flows and flight frequency and assess their impact on carbon emissions and carbon efficiency. Confining our analysis to the European market, we employ Fixed-Effects (FEIV) and Random-Effects (REIV) instrumental variables modelling techniques to 150 intra-Europe routes and find that the factors that are significant in influencing the operational planning decisions of an airline often lead to carbon inefficiencies. Our findings have important implications for both airlines and policymakers. For airlines, we show how the decisions they make to optimise operations can have negative environmental consequences, while we make suggestions as to how policymakers can incentivise airlines to achieve emission reductions.

How Much Does High-speed Rail Substitute for Air Travel? Implications for Transport, Environmental and Energy Policies

Using detailed scheduling data on a total of 13.8 million domestic flights in China from 2011 to 2016, this paper quantifies the substitution effects of HSR on air travel, as measured by the monthly flight frequency and the average number of seats per flight for each air route, employing difference-in-differences (DID) and propensity score matching (PSM) approaches. We find that HSR has a significant negative impact on monthly flight frequency: on average, the introduction of HSR has led to a 10.1% drop in the monthly number of flights per route. However, this average impact conceals significant heterogeneity by distance. The comprehensive coverage of flights from 2011 to 2016 allows us to divide the full sample into sufficiently large sub-samples by every 200 km distance band. Results indicate significantly larger substitution effect for routes of shorter distance and the cutoff distance is 900 km, beyond which no effect of HSR connection on air travel is observed. We further apply the PSM approach in an event study analysis to alleviate selection bias and obtain similar results. Moreover, the HSR-induced decrease in flight frequency was most substantial in routes between hub cities. Based on our estimates, the spared CO2 emissions due to HSR-induced air travel decrease amount to 2 million tonnes annually, and energy saving is about 19.33 PJ annually. Our research not only provides important implications for transport policy in terms of multi-mode intercity transport planning, but also provides more accurate estimates about the carbon emission reduction through the substitution between HSR and air travel, thereby better informing evidence-based decision-making in transportation and environmental policy.