Analytical Pyrolysis for Valorization of Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry Wastes Excluding Necessity of Preparative Isolation of their Components

The work is devoted to the comprehensive comparative analysis of extraction cakes, obtained after isolation of pharmaceuticals from medical herbs (Aconítum leucostómum, Thermopsis alterniflora, Glycyrrhiza Glabra and Vinca erecta) to characterize their composition and structural features of components, that is necessary for following valorization and for evaluation of extraction efficiency. Application of analytical pyrolysis to analysis of the medical herbs’ residues allowed to avoid disadvantages, connected with preparative isolation of components and get integral information about phytomass constituents and their transformation during extraction. The results have shown that aconite and licorice roots extraction cakes can be considered as perspective raw material for the chemical and biological processing for obtaining of carbohydrates-based products, whereas the periwinkle grass waste is perspective source for obtaining of aromatic and phenolic products. The data of the analytical pyrolysis indicate the сompleteness of biologically active compounds extraction from licorice roots. Extraction cakes of aconite, thermopsis and periwinkle grasses contained different amounts of unextracted targeted pharmaceutical compounds, which can increase their value.

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCED BY FAST PYROLYSIS OF EUCALYPTUS LEAVES

In this study, temperature studies were studied on the production of a product from selected eucalyptus leaving samples. The bio-diesel yield from these samples was further determined using non-model methods and analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Py-GC / MS). The fresh eucalyptus leaves were obtained from nearby forest of Godhra (Gujarat), India. Results of the Proximate analysis of eucalyptus leaves powder sample study shows that volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash content and moisture content are 61.70 %, 26.37%, 8.36 % and 3.57%, The results of the basic analysis indicate that the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur content is 89.17%, 7.36%, 1.01%, 1.98% and 0.26%, respectively. The higher heating value (HHV) of the biodiesel obtained from the biomass samples is 32.81 MJ/kg. Chemical composition analysis of Eucalyptus Biodiesel carried out and compared with standards. The study revealed that pyro-fuel is not only used as fuel but also can be purified and used as a commodity in the chemical and processing industries.

Cheminformatics Applied to Analytical Pyrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials

Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry has been used to characterize a wide variety of polymers. The main objective is to infer the attributes of materials in relation to their chemical composition. Applications of this technique include the development of new improved materials in the industry. Furthermore, due to the growing interest in biorefinery, it has been used to study plant biomass (lignocellulose) as a renewable energy source. This chapter describes a procedure for characterization and classification of polymeric materials using analytical pyrolysis and cheminformatics. Application of omics tools for spectral deconvolution/alignment and compound identification/annotation on the Py-GC/MS chromatograms is also described. Statistical noise is generated by production of numerous small uninformative compounds during pyrolysis. Such noise is reduced by cheminformatics here detailed and this facilitate the interpretation of results. Furthermore, some inferences made by comparison of the identified compounds to those annotated with a biological role in specialized databases are exemplified. This cheminformatic procedure has allowed to characterize in detail, and classify congruently, different lignocellulosic samples, even using different Py-GC/MS equipment. This method can also be applied to characterize other polymers, as well as to make inferences about their structure, function, resistance and health risk based on their chemical composition.