Significance of Neutrino Environments on Neutrino-Induced Fission and Neutron-Induced Fission Processes

This paper presents Mathematical Formulation for Neutrino-Fission of a heavy nuclei in Neutrino-environments. It has been proposed that neutrino fission is a dynamic two-process reaction, where more than one neutrino can be captured by target nucleus. A quantity named Neutrino-Zeta with units of eV-1 has been defined to represent Neutrino-environments. Neutrino-zeta with assumed excited energy states for heavy nuclei A∼230-270 is estimated to be 0.0212 MeV-1, with the probability of fission Barrier energy state P(Ex,f)= 0.169064014 with Ex,f =6MeV. P(Ex,f)=0.222664 is highest at zeta=0.1MeV-1 . It has been shown that probabilities of certain excitation energy states and their corresponding decay reactions at those excitation energies can be equal for two neutrino-zetas. Neutron induced fission for different neutrinos hypothesize that probability of symmetric fission channels is higher at low neutrino-zetas, which can be tested experimentally.

Fusion of halo nucleus 6He on 238U : Evidence for tennis-ball (bubble) structure of the core of the halo (even the giant-halo) nucleus

In a decade-and-a-half old experiment, Raabe et al. [Nature 431, 823 (2004)], had studied fusion of an incoming beam of halo nucleus 6He with the target nucleus [Formula: see text]. We extract a new interpretation of the experiment, different from the one that has been inferred so far. We show that their experiment is actually able to discriminate between the structures of the target nucleus (behaving as standard nucleus with density distribution described with canonical RMS radius [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] fm), and the “core” of the halo nucleus, which surprisingly, does not follow the standard density distribution with the above RMS radius. In fact, the core has the structure of a tennis-ball (bubble)-like nucleus, with a “hole” at the center of the density distribution. This novel interpretation of the fusion experiment provides an unambiguous support to an almost two decades old model [A. Abbas, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 16, 755 (2001)], of the halo nuclei. This Quantum Chromodynamics based model succeeds in identifying all known halo nuclei and makes clear-cut and unique predictions for new and heavier halo nuclei. This model supports the existence of tennis-ball (bubble)-like core, of even the giant-neutron halo nuclei. This should prove beneficial to the experimentalists, to go forward more confidently, in their study of exotic nuclei.

Possible mechanisms for production of slow target fragments

In this paper, we investigate the possible mechanisms, which are responsible for the production of slow target fragments with energy [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV that are emitted from interactions of [Formula: see text]Si nucleus with emulsion nuclei at energy 14.6[Formula: see text]GeV per nucleon. Angular distributions of slow fragments are compared with the corresponding results from collisions of 1H, 3He, 4He, 7Li and [Formula: see text]C with emulsion at the energy range 2.2–3.7[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]GeV. We investigate the effects of both projectile energy and mass number on the angular distributions for slow secondary charged fragments called gray and black track producing particles. The average emission angles are found to be [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for gray and black tracks, respectively. These values are nearly constant for all compared experiments. There are two different mechanisms of gray particle production in forward and backward directions while there is a single symmetric mechanism for black particles in both directions. The temperatures are found to be 58 and 6[Formula: see text]MeV for systems of emissions for gray and black particles, respectively. There are strong effects of target size on those mechanisms. The emission system of these particles becomes slower and shows low temperature with the increase in volume of target nucleus.

Model of multiple Dirac eikonal scattering of protons by nuclei

The model of multiple Dirac eikonal scattering (MDES) of incident proton by target-nucleus nucleons is developed, in which new expressions for the elastic [Formula: see text]-scattering amplitudes are obtained from the multiple scattering Watson series with employing the eikonal approximation for the Dirac propagators of the free proton motion between successive scattering acts on nucleons. Based on this model, calculations for the complete set of observables of the elastic [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]Pb at 800[Formula: see text]MeV have been performed, using proton–nucleon amplitudes determined from the phase analysis and the nucleon densities obtained from describing the target-nucleus structure in the relativistic mean-field approximation. A comparison has been made of the results of these calculations with analogous calculations on the basis of the Glauber multiple diffraction theory.

An Analysis of the Use of Multichannel Microelectrode Recording During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgeries at a Single Center

BACKGROUND Microelectrode recording (MER) can be used to map out the target nucleus and identify ideal lead placement. OBJECTIVE To assess the use of multichannel MER to increase the efficiency of lead placement without compromising patient safety. METHODS Analysis of a single center's technique for utilizing multichannel MER with 3 consistent anterior-to-posterior simultaneous passes that include an evaluation of the location of final lead placement, patient diagnosis, target nuclei, and additional work involved for refinement of targeting. Lead revision rates and rate of hemorrhage are also assessed. RESULTS There were a total of 237 lead placements in 123 patients over a 4-yr period. In 4.2% of lead placements, additional planning was required, while only 2.5% required additional MER. The lead placement matched 51.3% of the time in bilateral placements and was consistent regardless of target nuclei. In 84.8% of cases, the final lead placement was within the initial 3 MER passes. An additional 11.3% could be placed without the need for an additional pass. There were 2 lead revisions and no hemorrhage or stroke complications. CONCLUSION This series demonstrates that our technique of multichannel MER leads to accurate and efficient lead placement maintaining its safety profile.