A study of efficacy of ‘rota virus vaccination’ on morbidity due to rotavirus diarrhoea in children aged 6 months to 5 years

Background: Rotavirus diarrhoea was the most common cause of mortality due to diarrhoea among children under 5 years of age. Deaths due to diarrhoea is one of important health issue that needs to be addressed due to high morbidity and mortality associated with it. Rotavirus is recognized as the major cause of hospitalizations among children and it is clear that improvements in hygiene and sanitation alone are not sufficient to decrease the cases. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of rotavirus vaccine on morbidity amongst vaccinated and unvaccinated children.Methods: Our study include 40 patients diagnosed with diarrhoea, with stool report positive for rotavirus, with varying degree of dehydration coming to Lilavati Hospital in outpatient department, pediatric ward or pediatric intensive care unit.Results: Out of 40 children, 77.5% of the children vaccinated. We observed the rate of hospitalization was higher 77.8% i.e. 7/9 in the group of unvaccinated children than 45.2% i.e. 14/31 in group of vaccinated children. We found significant difference in the degree of dehydration in vaccinated and unvaccinated children. We found that nearly half of the children in vaccinated group did not have signs of dehydration (belongs to no dehydration category as per World Health Organization scale), while more than 88% of the children in unvaccinated group had some (66.7%) to severe (22.2%) degree of dehydration.Conclusions: Our study concludes that vaccination against rotavirus significantly reduce the morbidity associated with rotavirus diarrhoea as compared to unvaccinated children.

A Review: Positive Outcome of Resveratrol Dry Suspension in Piglets against Rotavirus Infection

Rota virus that cause diarrhea and other diseases in small infants is belonging to a virus family called Reoviridae with death rate of about more than 200000 annually. Although many vaccines are available for Rotavirus infection but still primary reason of death among infants. To prevent infection caused by this virus as diarrhea and other gastroenteritis in piglets we use a resveratrol, a natural phenol and a phytoalexin with a potential of strong antibiotic and antiviral, which has preventive and protecting outcome against Rotavirus infection in piglets. Pretreatment done and resveratrol dry suspension added to the adequate essential nutrient (basal diet) and the animal through oral route done Rotavirus and then know about the outcome of resveratrol dry suspension. Therefore, our main concern is to use the resveratrol dry suspension, which produced immunity in piglets against Rotavirus. It has positive outcome and reduced the diarrhea and other gastroenteritis. Therefore, the outcome of resveratrol dry suspension shows that it could be the best one to treat the diarrhea and other disease, which caused by this virus.

Awareness and knowledge regarding Rota virus disease and vaccine among healthcare providers in tertiary care settings

Published in May - 2021

Diagnosis and Management of Dysentery in Children Attending National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute

Background: Dysentery is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children especially in developing countries, several enteric pathogens are responsible. Diagnosis is made by taking personal history, clinical and laboratory examinations. Management is maintained by using rehydration therapy, ant parasitic, antiviral and antimicrobial therapy. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteric pathogens causing dysentery in children and risk factors. Methodology: Stool samples were collected from children with dysentery, samples were examined by direct smear, formalin ether, modified ZN, copro antigens, culture /sensitivity and Rota virus antigen tests. Results: Pathogens were isolated from 77.8% samples with higher rate of parasites 35.6% than bacteria 21.7% or Rota virus 3.9%. Most common parasite was G. lamblia (22.2%). E.coli was the most frequent bacterial pathogens (42.0%). watery diarrhea was higher in children > 5 years old (20.7%) than children <5 years old (17.4%) specially in parasitic cases (25.7%), hepatomegaly was (7.2% ) in > 5 years old , parasites and Rota virus were higher in boys (40.9%, 5.7%) than in girls (30.4%, 2.2%) while bacterial was higher in girls (28.3%) than in boys (14.9%) respectively. All sociodemographic data was insignificantly different except for insanitary water supply. Conclusion: This study provides update information about the prevalence of the enteric causative agents in children dysentery. We recommended awareness about prevention, improvement hygiene status and proper medications to reduce the disease. More strategies about risk factors are needed to develop recent controlling methods.

Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

Introduction Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 under five children deaths and 1.7 billion cases in the world and the second leading cause of death among under-five children. It is the major public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.Methods Community based cross-sectional study design was done among 420 children in Debre Behan Town. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess level of significance.Results The two week prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 16.4%. Age of children with 7-11 month years old (AOR: 4.2, 95%CI: 1.2 – 15.3), being the second children (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 – 8.5), not vaccinated against Rota virus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 – 91.3) and feeding children by using hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of under five children diarrhea.Conclusions This study revealed that the two weeks’ period prevalence of under-five diarrhea was relatively high. Age of children, vaccination against Rota virus and feeding children by using hand were associated with under-five children diarrhea. Education program on the important of vaccination against Rota virus and critical point of hand washing is recommended.