ABSTRACTNeorickettsiaspp. are bacterial endosymbionts of parasitic flukes (Digenea) that also have the potential to infect and cause disease (e.g., Sennetsu fever) in the vertebrate hosts of the fluke. One of the largest gaps in our knowledge ofNeorickettsiabiology is the very limited information available regarding the localization of the bacterial endosymbiont within its digenean host. In this study, we used indirect immunofluorescence microscopy to visualizeNeorickettsiasp. within several life cycle stages of the digeneanPlagiorchis elegans. Individual sporocysts, cercariae, metacercariae, and adults ofP. elegansnaturally infected withNeorickettsiasp. were obtained from our laboratory-maintained life cycle, embedded, sectioned, and prepared for indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using anti-Neorickettsiaristiciihorse serum as the primary antibody.Neorickettsiasp. was found within the tegument of sporocysts, throughout cercarial embryos (germ balls) and fully formed cercariae (within the sporocysts), throughout metacercariae, and within the tegument, parenchyma, vitellaria, uteri, testes, cirrus sacs, and eggs of adults. Interestingly,Neorickettsiasp. was not found within the ovarian tissue. This suggests that vertical transmission ofNeorickettsiawithin adult digeneans occurs via the incorporation of infected vitelline cells into the egg rather than direct infection of the ooplasm of the oocyte, as has been described for other bacterial endosymbionts of invertebrates (e.g.,RickettsiaandWolbachia).