Reconstructing Rituals

The final chapter pulls together central threads that characterize this pilgrimage network. Pilgrimage gives a particular ritual form to individuals’ quest to seek recovery, healing, meaning, and connection in their lives. The Norwegian pilgrimage network offers various experiences, narratives, and strategies for pilgrims, hosts, locals, and tourists to engage in rediscovering and reinventing history, making meaning, seeking cultural experiences, reclaiming indigenous history and spirituality, and reconstructing spiritual traditions. The figure of St. Olav provides a prism through which contemporary Norwegians can reflect on the ambivalence of the past, as well as critique present practices and narratives of what it means to be Christian, pushing the boundaries of what it means to be Norwegian, and what saintly lives in the context of climate change might look like. Nidaros Cathedral facilitates such engagement as an adaptable space anchoring widely diverse engagements with both heritage and contemporary society. Thus, these and other ritual practices serve to reconstruct heritage critically in a pilgrimage network that is remarkably open for the transformative reconstruction of spiritual practices and narratives in a shifting sacred geography.

The Mahaboworn Model of Social Studies Learning Network Innovation to Develop of Indigenous History Learning Resources in Northern Thailand

The objective of this research is to 1) explore historical background through a participatory workshop on the legend of Phra Nang Malika of Wiang Malika in Lanna, and 2) create indigenous history learning resources through mural painting and picture book, the legend of Phra Nang Malika, in Mae Ai Luang Temple Chiang Mai Province. The samples included the following: 1) 22 community leaders, monks, school administrators, teachers, village philosophers, and youth representatives; 2) 8 indigenous technologists; and 3) 5 learning management specialists. Purposive sampling was used to choose a total of 35 individuals. The instruments used in the research were an unstructured interview, a knowledge synthesis form to create murals, and a validity assessment form and 4) a performance evaluation form for a picture book regarding indigenous history. Quantitative data were examined using statistical software to determine the mean and standard deviation. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and presented in a descriptive format. The findings indicated that; 1) In Mae Ai district, the legend of Wiang Malika and Phra Nang Malika is a legacy of Chiang Mai Province, which is related to the history of Fang, and Phra Nang Sam Pew, which is connected to the Lanna Kingdom’s historical growth. In terms of trade, politics, governance, and religion, for example, is considered the role of women as rulers or kings, which exemplifies the notion of feminism throughout history and influencing the development of the Lanna Kingdom’s later age and 2) The outcome of the development of learning resources on indigenous history through murals and picture book at Phra Nang Malika in Mae Ai Luang Temple, Chiang Mai Province, through “the Mahabowon Model of Social Studies Learning Network or CMUR Model” resulting in educational materials on indigenous history that integrate the cooperation of universities, communities, temples, and schools, resulting in high-quality knowledge of indigenous historical record. A summary of the indigenous history picture book is also included. The appropriate sampling value is most suitable (x = 4.57, SD = 0.37).

Oficinas digitais de artes indígenas para professores de ensino fundamental e ensino médio: Produzindo conhecimento decolonial sobre história indígena

O ensino de história e cultura indígena, apesar de obrigatório desde a Lei 11.645/2008, ainda é secundarizado no Brasil, devido a fatores que incluem preconceitos arraigados e falta de capacitação docente. No caso da História da Arte, a própria natureza eurocêntrica dessa disciplina relega obras e estilos indígenas ao esquecimento. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a execução e os resultados obtidos nas oficinas de extensão ‘Artes Indígenas para Professores do Ensino Fundamental e Médio’, desenvolvidas pelo Projeto de Extensão Mudando as representações dos adolescentes sobre os indígenas, cujo público foram docentes das redes de ensino públicas e privadas de diferentes estados brasileiros, e que foram realizadas através de Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem durante os meses de junho e julho, quarentena do Covid-19, em 2020. Orientadas pelos princípios da extensão universitária, as oficinas produziram conhecimento dialogado com o público de professores não-universitários, fornecendo ferramentas teóricas para a produção de sequências didáticas voltadas para crianças e adolescentes, baseadas em uma crítica ao etnocentrismo nas artes. Ao mesmo tempo que os oficiantes apresentavam teorias e conteúdos históricos, os oficineiros traziam suas indagações e suas contribuições acerca das artes de diferentes povos indígenas e produziam materiais e propostas, elaboradas a partir de uma perspectiva decolonial. Percebemos que, apesar dos déficits de formação e da falta de apoio institucional, existe um interesse de muitos professores em conhecer e criar possibilidades de ensino de história e cultura indígenas junto a seus discentes. Palavras-chave: Lei 11.645; Cultura; Educação; Professores; Decolonização Digital Indigenous arts workshops for elementary and high school teachers: Producing decolonial knowledge about indigenous history Abstract: The teaching of indigenous history and culture in Brazil, although required by Brazilian federal law 11,645/2008, is still obfuscated by many variables such as racism and the lack of professional qualification of the teachers. In the specific case of Art History, its Eurocentric nature relegates indigenous artworks and styles to oblivion. Given such a situation, the present paper describes the making of and results of the digital workshops “Indigenous Arts for Teachers.” The workshops congregated private school teachers, from public and private schools, from different regions of Brazil. They were developed through a virtual learning environment during the Covid-19 quarantine in Brazil in 2020. Following the principles of university extension, the workshops aimed to produce knowledge dialoguing with the non-academic public, providing theoretic tools for the design of didactic sequences for children and teenagers based on the critic of eurocentrism in Arts and History. At the same time, as the supervisor presented theories and historical contextualization, the public brought their questions and contributions about indigenous arts. As a result, the participating teachers produced didactic material and sequences for their classrooms based on a decolonial perspective. We perceive that despite the lack of institutional support and academic information about indigenous history, the participating teachers displayed a profound interest in teaching indigenous culture to their students. Keywords: Law 11,645; Culture; Education; Teachers; Decolonization

wâhkôtowin: A nehiyaw Ethical Analysis of Anti-Indigenous Racism in Canadian Nursing

Indigenous peoples in the settler state of Canada face racism on a daily basis, including in their interactions with nurses and the healthcare system. Canadian Nursing consistently fails to recognize their role in continuing to perpetrate anti-Indigenous racism. Many nurses are not taught enough about Indigenous history, settler colonialism and anti-racism to be able to recognize anti-Indigenous racism in practice, let alone effectively address it. Often the western based ethical principles nurses are taught in schools are weaponized against Indigenous peoples in practice. I propose using the nehiyaw (Cree) concept of wâhkôtowin as an ethical perspective that can help nurses tackle the problem of anti-Indigenous racism.