impurity effects
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Author(s):  
Yi Shen ◽  
Yongfang Zhou ◽  
Hongying Li

Abstract The presence of metallic impurities in the electrolyte greatly affects electrocatalytic performance. A systematic study on this topic can not only provide guidance for rigorous practices on electrochemical measurements, but also in-depth fundamental understanding on the mechanisms of the electrochemical reactions. Herein, nine types of metallic ions including Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ce3+ and Al3+ are intentionally introduced into the electrolytes with a controlled manner and their effects on electro-oxidation of water, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and glycerol are investigated in details. Among these metal ions, Co2+ has the most pronounced effects on H2O electro-oxidation while Cu2+ species displays superior activity toward HMF and glycerol electro-oxidation, but negligible effects on H2O electro-oxidation. Such a unique feature of Cu2+ can also be noted from electro-oxidation of other small molecules, such as ethylene glycol, ethanol and furfural. More importantly, the effects of metallic impurities are independent of the composition of the electrodes, only rely on the pH of the electrolytes. In-situ electrochemical Raman spectroscopy, control electrochemical experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal that the origin of impurity effects is attributed to the formation of hydroxides during the electrochemical measurements.


Author(s):  
Kazuki Miyakawa ◽  
Hiroki Takata ◽  
Taishi Yamaguchi ◽  
Yuji Inagaki ◽  
Kazumasa Makise ◽  
...  

Abstract We studied hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) impurity effects of superconducting Josephson current flowing through the superconductor-constriction-superconductor Josephson junctions (ScS-JJ). When H or D impurities are adsorbed on the surface of the ScS-JJ prepared by niobium (Nb) or lead (Pb), many spike-like peaks with almost the same spacing appear inside the superconducting gap in addition to anomalies owing to the multiple Andreev reflection in the differential conductance spectra. The spacing between the adjacent peaks is independent of the temperature variation. These indicate that H or D impurities adsorbed on the JJ are sources of noise for the Josephson current.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Woods ◽  
Sankar Das Sarma ◽  
Tudor D. Stanescu

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123
Author(s):  
A. Sh. Abdinov ◽  
R. F. Babaeva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Li ◽  
Zheng-Xiong Wang ◽  
Jiaqi Dong ◽  
Yong Shen ◽  
Xiao Lan Zou ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 754-764
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Pogorelov ◽  
D. Kochan ◽  
V. M. Loktev

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 084701
Author(s):  
Yota Komiyama ◽  
Shusei Onishi ◽  
Mayuko Harada ◽  
Hideki Kuwahara ◽  
Haruhiko Kuroe ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 052510
Author(s):  
X. R. Zhang ◽  
J. Q. Dong ◽  
H. R. Du ◽  
J. Y. Liu ◽  
Y. Shen ◽  
...  

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