OPTIMASI JUMLAH, POSISI, DAN DIAMETER NOZEL TURBIN PELTON MELALUI ANALISIS QFD DAN UJI EKSPERIMENTAL

Penduduk Indonesia belum sepenuhnya mendapat layanan penerangan listrik, terutama yang berada di daerah terpencil dan berada di lereng-lereng bukit, sementara di lokasi tersebut terdapat potensi energi yang cukup untuk mengerakkan turbin air sebagai penggerak generator listrik. Turbin pelton adalah salah satu jenis turbin impuls yang performancenya dipengaruhi oleh debit air, nosel, dan jumlah sudu, atas dasar tersebut penulis menyajikan artikel yang menerapkan metode quality function deployment (QFD) dan pengujian eksperimental terhadap prototipe turbin pelton di laboratorium Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang. Langkah-langkah dalam penelitian ini meliputi studi literatur dan lapangan, perancangan, pembuatan alat uji, pengujian, analisis data, dan kesimpulan. Variasi pengujian berdasarkan pada diameter, posisi dan jumlah nosel terhadap sudu turbin yang berjumlah 12 buah dan berdiameter150 mm, sedangkan untuk pembangkit listriknya menggunakan generator mini berdaya 350 watt. Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh adalah daya input (Pin) terbesar dengan nilai 73,6 watt terdapat pada dn 9 mm dengan posisi nozel atas dan bawah dan jumlah nozel 2 buah. Daya turbin (Pt) ) terbesar dengan nilai 70,1 watt terdapat pada dn= 6 mm, posisi nosel di atas dan jumlah nozel 1 buah, efisiensi turbin (ηt) terbesar dengan nilai 95,4 % terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah dengan posisi nosel di atas, daya generator (Pgen) terbesar 11,7 watt terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah dengan posisi nosel di atas, effisiensi generator (ηgen) terbesar dengan nilai 17,9 % terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah dengan posisi nosel di atas dan efisiensi sistem terbesar (ηsis) 17,1% terjadi pada dn = 9 mm dengan jumlah nosel 1 buah d posisi nosel di atas. Kata kunci: Turbin pelton, quality function deployment (QFD), pengujian eksperimental The Indonesian population has not fully received electric lighting services, especially in remote areas and on hillsides, while there is sufficient energy potential to drive water turbines to drive electricity generators. Pelton turbine is one type of impulse turbine whose performance is influenced by water discharge, nozzle, and some blades, on this basis the author presents an article that applies the QFD method and experimental testing of the Pelton turbine prototype in thelaboratory of Buana Perjuangan University, Karawang. The steps in this research include literature and field studies, design, manufacture of test equipment, testing, data analysis, and conclusions. The variation of the test is based on the diameter, position, and some nozzles for the turbine blades, which are 12 pieces and 150 mm in diameter, while for the power plant it uses a 350-watt mini generator. The test results obtained are the largest input power (Pin) with a value of 73.6 watt is found at dn 9 mm with the position of the top and bottom nozzles and the number of nozzles is 2 pieces. The largest turbine power (Pt) with a value of 70.1 watts is found at dn = 6 mm, the position of the nozzle is above and the number of nozzles is 1, the largest turbine efficiency (ηt) with a value of 95.4% occurs at dn = 9 mm with a total 1 nozzle with the nozzle position is above, the largest generator power (Pgen ) of 11.7 watt occurred at dn = 9 mm with some 1 nozzle with the nozzle position is above, the largest generator efficiency (ηgen ) with a value of 17.9% occurred in dn = 9 mm with the number of nozzles 1 piece with the nozzle position on the top and the largest system efficiency (ηsis) 17.1% % occurred at dn = 9 mm with the number of nozzles 1 piece with the nozzle position on the top. Keyword: Pelton turbine, quality function deployment (QFD) experimental testing

Effective Method for Evaluating Airflow Rate of Oscillating-Water-Column Pilot Plants

In this study, a method for effectively estimating the airflow rate of the turbine of an oscillating water column (OWC) pilot plant was developed. The validity of the proposed method was verified through computational fluid dynamics simulations. The method was applied to estimate the airflow rate in irregular wave states based on the operation data obtained for the Yongsoo OWC pilot plant installed in the western seas of Jeju Island, South Korea. As an alternative to estimating the airflow rate of the OWC pilot plant, the impulse turbine performance chart-based interpolation method is introduced, and it is shown that the airflow rate time series calculated using the two methods were in good agreement.

Design and Analysis of Steam Turbine Rotor Blade

A steam turbine is a tool that extracts thermal electricity from pressurized steam and makes use of it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. The steam turbine offers the better thermodynamic performance with the aid of the usage of a couple of levels inside the growth of steam. The levels are characterized by using the manner of strength extraction from them is considered as impulse or reaction mills. On this work the parameters of steam turbine blade various and evaluation is carried out for electricity, existence and warmth switch fees. The varied parameters are the ratio of x-axis distance of blade profile with the aid of chord length and ratio of maximum peak of blade profile in y-path to the chord period. The three-D modeling is executed by way of using Catia software program. The Ansys software is used for static, thermal analysis, subsequently concluded the best design and material (haste alloy, chrome steel, inconel 600) for steam turbine blade, after steam turbine blade imported the stl record 1:2 ratio in to 3-d printing we carried out fast prototyping technique. Keywords: Steam Turbine, Thermal Energy, Impulse Turbine, Reaction Turbine, Static Analysis, Thermal Analysis

Bi-Directional Impulse Turbine with Spiral Flow Collector for Tidal Energy Conversion

In order to make use of ocean renewable energy, a combination system of a bi-directional impulse turbine and a bi-directional flow collector for tidal current energy conversion is investigated in this paper. It is the advantage that this turbine system does not need an operation of orientation change according to the reversal of regular tidal orientation when fixed on the seabed. The experimental investigations by using both a circulating water tank and a towing tank showed that the turbine power output could be increased by adopting the flow collector proposed in this study. Then the flow collector with fixed spiral vane named spiral flow collector was investigated by both a circulating water tank test and CFD analysis. The experimental result of the spiral flow collector showed that the performance improvement was found on the increase of axial velocity in the turbine which contributed to the increase of the turbine power output. The results of CFD analysis showed that 180 deg of the skew angle of the fixed spiral vane was suitable in view of the angular moment at the turbine inlet in this case.

The repowering of vertical axis water mills preserving their cultural heritage: techno-economic analysis with water wheels and Turgo turbines

PurposeThe paper presents a techno-economic analysis of the electromechanical equipment of traditional vertical axis water mills (VAWMs) to help investors, mill owners and engineers to preliminary estimate related benefits and costs of a VAWM repowering.Design/methodology/approachTwo sustainable repowering solutions were examined with the additional aim to preserve the original status and aesthetics of a VAWM: the use of a vertical axis water wheel (VAWW) and a vertical axis impulse turbine. The analysis was applied to a database of 714 VAWMs in Basilicata (Italy), with known head and flow.FindingsExpeditious equations were proposed for both solutions to determine: (1) a suitable diameter as a function of the flow rate; (2) the costs of the electromechanical equipment; (3) achievable power. The common operating hydraulic range of a VAWM (head and flow) was also identified. Reality checks on the obtained results are shown, in particular by examining two Spanish case studies and the available literature. The power generated by the impulse turbine (Turgo type) is twice that of a VAWW, but it is one order of magnitude more expensive. Therefore, the impulse turbine should be used for higher power requirements (>3 kW), or when the electricity is delivered to the grid, maximizing the long-term profit.Originality/valueSince there is not enough evidence about the achievable performance and cost of a VAWM repowering, this work provides expeditious tools for their evaluation.