Modulated AC/DC Crude Desalting Technology Application & Best Practices

The Modulated AC/DC Crude Desalting technology was successfully commissioned at several Saudi Aramco facilities. Enhancements to desalting performance and optimization of plant operating expenditures were realized. Benefits of the Modulated AC/DC Desalting technology, installation and operational best practices and a comparison to conventional AC technology is shared in the paper. The conventional AC desalting technology was replaced with the Modulated AC/DC Crude Desalting technology at some Saudi Aramco facilities. After the successful commissioning, the performance of the new units was tested in one of these facilities to identify operating limits, such as maximum water cut and minimum demulsifier injection at the production header, in which the stable operation is sustainable. A comparison of the performance of the technology compared to that of previous conventional AC desalting technology was conducted through analysis of grid/plate voltage stability, demulsifier injection rate, wash water rates and crude quality parameters. Some enhancements to the process were also introduced which resulted in realizing additional benefits. The technology resulted in several benefits, including: (1) A reduction in the required demulsifier injection rate during the testing period compared to the same time period from the previous year, leading to significant cost savings; (2) Ability to maintain normal operations beyond the design water cuts of the facility; (3) No major grid outages since installation; (4) Additional data that can be used to diagnose separation performance as each transformer provides a number of feedback signals to DCS that are good indicators of the separation process. Based on the observations and analysis, the Modulated AC/DC Crude Desalting Technology has several advantages over the conventional AC Crude Desalting Technology in regards to crude desalting performance and process stability. The Modulated AC/DC Crude Desalting technology at Saudi Aramco was the first installation in Saudi Arabia for Arab Light crude oil. The paper captures Saudi Aramco’s experience and best practices that other companies can find beneficial in their efforts to maintain crude quality and reduce operating expenditures.

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA LANGSA DENGAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR

The purpose of this study was to analyze the comparison of the financial performance of the Langsa City government and East Aceh Regency. Financial performance is measured using five indicators, namely efficiency ratios, effectiveness ratios, compatibility ratios, growth ratios and radiant ratios. The results of the study stated that the financial efficiency ratio of Langsa City during the observation period was more efficient than that of East Aceh Regency. The financial effectiveness ratio of East Aceh Regency during the observation period was more effective than that of Langsa City. The Conformity Ratio measured by the value of the ratio of operating expenditures shows that Langsa City is high when compared to East Aceh District, the APBD and PAD growth ratios of the two regions are both in positive values. The operating expenditure growth ratio of Langsa City is better because it shows a lower ratio value compared to East Aceh District and the operating expenditure growth ratio of East Aceh Regency during the observation period is on average higher. This is evidenced by the value of the ratio of operating expenditures in East Aceh Regency on average each year above 10%. East Aceh District is more capable of self-financing government activities than Langsa City. The pattern of self-reliance is in the consultative and participatory categories. The value of the regional financial independence ratio of Langsa City is in the Instructive relationship pattern (Langsa City is not able to implement regional autonomy financially).

Implementing a Mutual Profit and Loss

Chapter 14 records how Mars is seeking to implement a mutual profit and loss (P&L) statement in its management accounts. It is being used to align the management systems of Mars with its purpose and signal to the business that performance in terms of human, social, and natural capital is as important as financial performance. The mutual P&L reflects that the boundary of the firm should not be restricted to its legal and contractual rights and obligations but should also embrace the ecosystem that is relevant to the delivery of its purposes. It includes expenditures in the ecosystem as part of its activities and crucially recognizes these as investments not just current operating expenditures where they contribute to human, social, and natural capital as well as material and financial capitals. In line with traditional accounting methods, it values these investments at cost not at market values.

Analisis Anggaran Belanja Untuk Menilai Kinerja Dinas Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Provinsi Jawa Tengah

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Java Province with reference to the budget. The method used in this research is qualitative which is processed using descriptive analysis. The data used are secondary data originating from the Budget Realization Report of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Java Province for the period 2015 - 2018. The results show that: (1) Expenditure variance shows that budget savings have been made; (2) The compatibility ratio shows that the agency still prioritizes operating expenditures over capital expenditures; (3) Official financial performance is efficient and effective. Overall the performance of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources of Central Java Province has been good.

Health Information Analysis of Bank OCBC NISP 2015 - 2019

Aims: Examine the health information of OCBC NISP banks between the relationship of ratio data finance ROA (Return on Assets) between the relationship ROA, NPL, LDR and BOPO data. Study Design: Statistical methods using the dependent variable is ROA (Return on Assets) and the independent variables namely NPL (Non-Performance Loan), LDR (Loan to Deposit Ratio), and BOPO (Operating Expenditures Operation Income) Data as health information analyzes Quarterly Data from 2015-2019 Place and Duration of Study: Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering, University Widyatama The research was Carried out between October 2019 to January 2020. Methodology: Collecting the data in this study tries to analyze information between related the data relationships of NPL (Non-Performance Loan), LDR (Loan Deposit Ratio), and BOPO (Operating Expenditures Operation Income) to ROA (Return on Assets) on the bank OCBC NISP in the period 2015-2019 and using the fixed effects method. Results: The results of this study NPL positive effect on ROA significant with a p-value of 0.6997, the coefficient NPL = +0.0536262, so any increase is in NPL 1% then the the resulting rise in ROA of 0.0536262%. For LDR positive effect on ROA and very significant with a p-value of 0.4301, the coefficient NPL = +0.00210031, so any increase is in NPL 1% then the the resulting rise of 0.00210031% ROA, and vice versa. To BOPO negative effect on ROA significant with a p-value of 0.0002, the coefficient of BOPO = -0.0793051, so any increase is in ROA of 1% then result in a Decrease of 0.0793051% ROA and vice versa. Conclusion: The correlation between the independent ROA relationship to the NPL, LDR and ROA is related to the bank's health analysis from the coefficient value shown on the R-squared value of 0.980778 to describe a set of independent variables and the dependent variable explained by 98%.

Attendance trends threaten future operations of America’s state park systems

This research examines how the operating expenditures of America’s state park systems will be affected by a continued growth in attendance consistent with observed trends as well as potential climate futures. We construct a longitudinal panel dataset (1984–2017) describing the operations and characteristics of all 50 state park systems. These data are analyzed with a time-varying stochastic frontier model. Estimates from the model are used to forecast operating expenditures to midcentury under four different scenarios. The first scenario assumes annual attendance within each state park system will continue to grow (or decline) at the same average annual rate that it has over the period of observation. The subsequent scenarios assume statewide annual mean temperatures will increase following the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 greenhouse gas emissions trajectories. Operating expenditures under a scenario where annual growth in attendance stays consistent with observed trends are forecasted to increase 756% by midcentury; this is an order of magnitude larger than projected expenditures under any of the climate scenarios. The future climate change scenarios yielded increases in operating expenditures between 25% (RCP2.6) and 61% (RCP8.5) by 2050. Attendance is the single largest factor affecting the operations of America’s state park systems, dwarfing the influence of climate change, which is significant and nontrivial. The future of America’s state park systems will depend upon increased support from state legislatures, as well as management actions that generate funds for the maintenance of existing infrastructure and facilities, and the provisioning of services.

Analisis Keserasian Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Garut

The problem in this study relates to the level of compatibility of operating expenditures, capital expenditures as well as direct and indirect expenditure in the Budget Realization Report (LRA) Garut district fiscal year 2013-2017. The aim of this study was to determine the level of compatibility of operating expenditures, capital expenditures, as well as direct and indirect expenditure on Budget Realization Report (BRR) Garut regency Fiscal Year 2013-2017. The method used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in this study is the observation, documentation, interviews and triangulation. Data analysis techniques in this study is an analysis model of Miles and Huberman which consists of three stages: 1) Reduction of data, 2) data, and 3) conclusion / verification. The result is the expenditures to Garut regency 2013-2017 fiscal year quite well.