Effect of educational video on newborn care for the knowledge of pregnant and postpartum women and their families

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the effect of educational video on newborn care to increase the knowledge of pregnant, postpartum, and family members. Methods: a quasi-experimental study, with pre-intervention and post-intervention evaluation with a single group. Fifty-eight pregnant, postpartum, and family members treated in basic health units and a hospital in Ceará, Brazil, participated. The study used the McNemar and binomial tests for the analysis. Results: after the intervention, there was an increase in the frequency of hits, from 70.82% to 92.97%. Most of the questions presented a significant increase of hits (p < 0.05) with an emphasis on sleeping position, drying of clothes, free demand for breastfeeding, and things to avoid (such as accessories in the sleeping place and talc in diaper change). Conclusions: the educational video was effective to participants in acquiring knowledge on the care of newborns and can assist in health education activities carried out by nurses.

Literature Review : Hubungan Penggunaan Gadget Terhadap Miopia Pada Anak

The developmentof technology causeschildren to spend time withgadgets. Meanwhile, their outdoor activities are reduced. The use ofgadget with close distances and long durations results in the eyes being continuously accommodated so that it can cause myopia. This Study aimed to analyze the correlation betweengadget useand myopia in children. The research uses a quantitative descriptive correlation study with a literature review approach. The databases used are PubMed, Garba Garuda, and Google Scholar. Articles are selected based on the suitability of keywords, topics and inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined. The articles used in researching five articles from 2011-2021. The critical research instrument used is the JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute) instrument. The results of the literature review of 5 articles showed that duration ofgadgets use wasmostly more than 2 hours (60.0% or 136 respondents). The distance of gadgets use was mostly less than30cm (59.5% or 176 respondents). The position of gadget use was mostly in the sleeping position (64.3% or 146 respondents). Myopiarefractive disorderswere 176 (31,3%). Three articles showed a correlation between viewing distanceusing gadgets and myopia with a p-value <0.05. There was no correlationbetween duration and position ofgadget use with myopia with p-value >0.05. Of the five articles, there are three articles that have a relationship between the distance between gadget use and myopia with a p-value <0.05.Keywords: Children; gadgets; myopia AbstrakSemakin berkembangnya teknologi menyebabkan anak menghabiskan waktu dengan gadget, sementara aktivitas di luar ruangan menjadi berkurang. Penggunaan gadget dengan jarak yang dekat dan durasi yang lama berakibat pada mata yang terus menerus berakomodasi sehingga dapat menyebabkan terjadinya miopia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan penggunaan gadget terhadap miopia pada anak secara literature review. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif jenis studi deskriptif korelatif dengan pendekatan literature review. Database yang digunakan PubMed, Garba Garuda, dan Google Scholar. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kesesuaian kata kunci, topik serta kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang tekah ditentukan. Artikel yang digunakan dalam penelitian berjumlah lima artikel rentang waktu 2011-2021. Instrumen telaah kritis yang digunakan adalah instrumen JBI (The Joanna Briggs Institute). Hasil penelitian literature review dari ke lima artikel menunjukan durasi penggunaan gadget sebagian besar >2 jam sebanyak 136 (60,0%), jarak penggunaan gadget sebagian besar <30cm sebanyak 176 (59,5%), dan posisi penggunaan gadget sebagian besar pada posisi tidur sebanyak 146 (64,3%). Gangguan refraksi miopia sebanyak 176 (31,3%). Dari kelima artikel terdapat tiga artikel yang ada hubungan antara jarak pandang penggunaan gadget dengan miopia dengan p-value <0,05. Dari kelima artikel terdapat tiga artikel yang tidak ada hubungan durasi dan dari ketiga artikel terdapat dua artikel yang tidak ada hubungan posisi penggunaan gadget dengan miopia dengan p-value >0,05. Dari kelima artikel terdapat tiga artikel yang ada hubungan antara jarak penggunaan gadget terhadap miopia dengan p-value <0,05.Kata kunci: Anak; gadget; miopia

Renewed Attention Needed for Prevention of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy in the Netherlands

Background: The incidence of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), which includes sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), has declined in developed countries since the 1980s, including the Netherlands. To identify improvement opportunities in SUDI prevention, we monitored the adherence of parents to the prevention advice on infant care habits over the past 20 years, especially in relation to the SUDI incidence over time. Potential changes in parental adherence between the latest surveys are of specific interest, as these indicate where current focus is needed.Methods: Description of the prevalence of infant care factors related to the risk of SUDI, assessed from five Dutch national surveys from 1999 to 2017 among parents of infants under 12 months, and analysis of the potential differences in these prevalences between the two latest surveys in 2010/11 and 2017 with a z-test.Results: Supine sleeping position decreased from the highest prevalence of 92% in 2010/11, to 83% in 2017. Sleep sack use has increased to 55%, the highest prevalence up to now. Avoiding a duvet has remained reasonably stable since 2002/03 and now 95% of parents do not use a duvet. The prevalence of room-sharing, without sharing the bed, increased from 14% in 1999 to the highest prevalence in 2017 (31%). However, also bed-sharing almost doubled from 5.6% in 2010/11 to 10% in 2017. Breastfeeding decreased between 1999 and 2010/11, but increased from 34% in 2010/11 to 42% in 2017. An increased prevalence of mothers who abstained from smoking during pregnancy, as well as both parents not smoking, was observed, although mostly higher educated parents showed this beneficial behavior.Discussion and Conclusion: Much has already been achieved first by decreasing prone sleeping since the 80's, and subsequently promoting supine as the safest sleep position. The decrease in duvet use and smoking, and an increase in breastfeeding have also had impact. Indications of a recent decreased prevalence of the supine sleeping position and higher prevalence of bed-sharing might relate to the slightly increasing SUDI incidence in the Netherlands. Renewed attention for prevention of SUDI and specific advice targeting high-risk groups is needed. Modern, picture driven information via internet is recommended.

Risk and Preventive Factors for SUDI: Need We Adjust the Current Prevention Advice in a Low-Incidence Country

Background: The incidence of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) is low in the Netherlands, with an incidence rate of 0.18 per 1,000 live births. Therefore, prevention advice may receive less attention, potentially leading to increasing incidence rates. It is currently unknown whether the risks for SUDI changed in the Netherlands, and if other risk factors might be present. The aim of this study was to examine the current risks and preventive factors for SUDI in Dutch infants, in order to determine if it is necessary to adapt the prevention advice toward the current needs.Methods: A case-control study was conducted comparing SUDI cases aged &lt;12 months from 2014–2020 in the Netherlands (n = 47), to a Dutch national survey control group from 2017 including infants &lt;12 months of age (n = 1,192).Results: Elevated risks for several well-known factors were observed, namely: duvet use (aOR = 8.6), mother smoked during pregnancy (aOR = 9.7), or after pregnancy (aOR = 5.4) and the prone sleeping position (aOR = 4.6). Reduced risks were observed for the well-known factors: room-sharing (aOR = 0.3), sleep sack use (aOR = 0.3), breastfeeding (aOR = 0.3), and the use of a pacifier (aOR = 0.4). For infants &lt;4 months, the risk for SUDI was higher when bed-sharing (aOR = 3.3), and lower when room-sharing (aOR = 0.2) compared to older infants. For older infants, the sleep sack was found to be more protective (aOR = 0.2). A high risk for SUDI when bed-sharing was found when mother smoked, smoked during pregnancy, or if the infant did not receive any breastfeeding (respectively aOR = 17.7, aOR = 10.8, aOR = 9.2).Conclusions: Internationally known factors related to the sudden unexpected death of infants were also found in this study. Relatively new findings are related to specific groups of infants, in which the strengths of these risk factors differed. In a low-incidence country like the Netherlands, renewed attention to the current prevention advice is needed. Furthermore, additional attention for prevention measures in low educated groups, and additional advice specifically targeting high-risk groups is recommended.

Noncontact Sleep Monitoring With Infrared Video Data to Estimate Sleep Apnea Severity and Distinguish Between Positional and Nonpositional Sleep Apnea: Model Development and Experimental Validation

Background Sleep apnea is a respiratory disorder characterized by frequent breathing cessation during sleep. Sleep apnea severity is determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), which is the hourly rate of respiratory events. In positional sleep apnea, the AHI is higher in the supine sleeping position than it is in other sleeping positions. Positional therapy is a behavioral strategy (eg, wearing an item to encourage sleeping toward the lateral position) to treat positional apnea. The gold standard of diagnosing sleep apnea and whether or not it is positional is polysomnography; however, this test is inconvenient, expensive, and has a long waiting list. Objective The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a noncontact method to estimate sleep apnea severity and to distinguish positional versus nonpositional sleep apnea. Methods A noncontact deep-learning algorithm was developed to analyze infrared video of sleep for estimating AHI and to distinguish patients with positional vs nonpositional sleep apnea. Specifically, a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture was used to process movements extracted by optical flow to detect respiratory events. Positional sleep apnea patients were subsequently identified by combining the AHI information provided by the 3D-CNN model with the sleeping position (supine vs lateral) detected via a previously developed CNN model. Results The algorithm was validated on data of 41 participants, including 26 men and 15 women with a mean age of 53 (SD 13) years, BMI of 30 (SD 7), AHI of 27 (SD 31) events/hour, and sleep duration of 5 (SD 1) hours; 20 participants had positional sleep apnea, 15 participants had nonpositional sleep apnea, and the positional status could not be discriminated for the remaining 6 participants. AHI values estimated by the 3D-CNN model correlated strongly and significantly with the gold standard (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.79, P<.001). Individuals with positional sleep apnea (based on an AHI threshold of 15) were identified with 83% accuracy and an F1-score of 86%. Conclusions This study demonstrates the possibility of using a camera-based method for developing an accessible and easy-to-use device for screening sleep apnea at home, which can be provided in the form of a tablet or smartphone app.

Sudden Unexpected Death of Two Infants in Baby Carriers

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), previously termed sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), is the second leading cause of death in infants beyond the neonatal period in Germany, and a major cause of infant mortality in economically well developed countries (OECD Health Statistics, 2019). The risk of SUDI peaks at the age of 2–4 months and then decreases continuously till the end of the first year. A complex multifactorial cause, rather than a single characteristic factor, may cause SUDI within a critical period of infant development (Guntheroth WG et al., Pediatrics 2002; 110: e64–e64). Risk factors include prematurity, male gender, bottle-feeding, prone sleeping position, overheating, as well as exposure to smoke amongst others (Carpenter RG et al., Lancet 2004; 363: 185–191). Thus, health professionals consistently advise and educate parents about avoidable risk factors of SUDI at routine well-baby examinations. Since the advent of SUDI prevention strategies in the 1980s, the incidence has decreased 10fold, from 1,55/1.000 live births in 1991 to 0,15/1000 in 2015. This number seems to have reached a steady state (Statistisches Bundesamt Germany, 2015).

A Feasibility Study on Smart Mattresses to Improve Sleep Quality

Good sleep quality is essential, especially for clinical users. Sleep disorders not only impair the success rate of treatment but also delay recovery. They can seriously interfere with treatment outcomes and even endanger a user’s life. In this study, we created a smart mattress containing 10 × 18 air packs and control units. Each air pack contains a set of pressure and height sensors and two air valves. Each row control unit can detect and adjust the pressure and height of each air bag in the row. When the bed body is turned on, it automatically initializes, adjusts the state of each air bag to the same height and pressure, and enters a slow scanning state. When perceived objects or people are lying on the bed, the bed automatically perceives the human body structure and body pressure matrix, increases the scanning speed for more timely and accurate measurements of the digital matrix and forming pressure by matrix-normalized processing, and then uses local pressure variance detection to automatically adjust to the sleeping position of the human body and thus achieve a uniform force distribution and a comfortable state. Finally, pressure matrix binarization was used to match sleeping position templates to identify the best template for automatic recognition of the sleeping position. The experimental results show that the sleeping position recognition method has high accuracy, recall, and precision. Our mattress is designed with interfaces for external devices. In future research, the smart mattress can connect to an auxiliary part of a smart ecosystem consisting of a smart pill box, a smart lighting system, and a microclimate system, which is expected to yield a more comprehensive intelligent ward to explore the possibility of improving sleep quality.