Automatic Key Update Mechanism for Lightweight M2M Communication and Enhancement of IoT Security: A Case Study of CoAP Using Libcoap Library

The ecosystem for an Internet of Things (IoT) generally comprises endpoint clients, network devices, and cloud servers. Thus, data transfers within the network present multiple security concerns. The recent boom in IoT applications has accelerated the need for a network infrastructure that provides timely and safe information exchange services. A shortcoming of many existing networks is the use of static key authentication. To enable the use of automatic key update mechanisms in IoT devices and enhance security in lightweight machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, we propose a key update mechanism, namely, double OTP (D-OTP), which combines both one-time password (OTP) and one-time pad to achieve an IoT ecosystem with theoretically unbreakable security. The proposed D-OTP was implemented into the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) through the commonly used libcoap library. The experimental results revealed that an additional 8.93% latency overhead was required to obtain an unbreakable guarantee of data transfers in 100 CoAP communication sessions.

Wireless Resource Management and Resilience Optimization of the M2M-Oriented Mobile Communication System

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication technology is an emerging technology that can connect smart wireless devices. The most obvious feature of M2M is that the communication between devices does not require human intervention. Therefore, ensuring the low-energy consumption of M2M devices is a necessary condition for prolonging the survival time of their devices. This paper first considers the coexistence of M2M and H2H scenarios. Aimed at the energy efficiency of M2M equipment and the channel capacity of H2H equipment, a multiobjective problem is constructed for joint spectrum and power resource management, and a weighted Chebyshev algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. Secondly, in view of the additional interference problems caused by the introduction of M2M communication, the intercell cooperative link selection algorithm is used to optimize its resilience. The effectiveness of the algorithm is proven by simulation results.

Development of smart parking system using internet of things concept

The growing number of vehicles in developing countries causes a slew of issues, including the parking system.The current parking system is mostly manual, requires human intervention as a security system, and does not provide information about available parking areas.Their problems cause nonoptimal parking management. Furthermore, it can lead to income loss and criminal acts. This study addresses one of the possible solutions by using the internet of things (IoT) concept. The parking system is built by utilizing a smart card, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, and cloud monitoring. As a result, the smart parking system prototype has been provided. The parking system business process can be done automatically, and it provides a more secure parking security system. The proposed parking system architecture also provides a practical system. The system only took around 1 second to perform the data transmission between nodes.

Slotted ALOHA Protocol for Next Generation IoT

Machine to Machine (M2M) communication is used to maintain the connectivity between the various devices in IoT. One of the major issues of Machine to Machine (M2M) communications is to enhance the network lifetime with the help of an efficient MAC protocols. Slotted ALOHA Protocol is simple random access technique used in low power applications like LoRaWAN (Long Range Wireless Area Network). This approach gives an improved result as compared to P-persistence slotted ALOHA. In this paper, we consider an IoT -M2M network comprises of a large no of devices that transmit data packets to a gateway. We have tried to reduce the collision, which directly reduce retransmission of data packets. We propose Adaptive pSlotted ALOHA Protocol using Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). It offers high throughput and reduces the delay. It is the simplest way of the channel allotment among the users. The proposed p-Slotted ALOHA protocol using SIC is better than the p-persistence slotted ALOHA in term of delay and throughput. Keywords: MAC, M2M, Slotted ALOHA, LoRa-WAN, IoT, SIC

Stress-Testing MQTT Brokers: A Comparative Analysis of Performance Measurements

Presently, Internet of Things (IoT) protocols are at the heart of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. Irrespective of the radio technologies used for deploying an IoT/M2M network, all independent data generated by IoT devices (sensors and actuators) rely heavily on the special messaging protocols used for M2M communication in IoT applications. As the demand for IoT services is growing, the need for reduced power consumption of IoT devices and services is also growing to ensure a sustainable environment for future generations. The Message-Queuing Telemetry Transport or in short MQTT is a widely used IoT protocol. It is a low-resource-consuming messaging solution based on the publish–subscribe type communication model. This paper aims to assess the performance of several MQTT broker implementations (also known as MQTT servers) using stress testing, and to analyze their relationship with system design. The evaluation of the brokers is performed by a realistic test scenario, and the analysis of the test results is done with three different metrics: CPU usage, latency, and message rate. As the main contribution of this work, we analyzed six MQTT brokers (Mosquitto, Active-MQ, Hivemq, Bevywise, VerneMQ, and EMQ X) in detail, and classified them using their main properties. Our results showed that Mosquitto outperforms the other considered solutions in most metrics; however, ActiveMQ is the best performing one in terms of scalability due to its multi-threaded implementation, while Bevywise has promising results for resource-constrained scenarios.

Research perspective on energy-efficient protocols in IoT

Purpose Internet of Things (IoT) is an up-and-coming conception that intends to link multiple devices with each other. The aim of this study is to provide a significant analysis of Green IoT. The IoT devices sense, gather and send out significant data from their ambiance. This exchange of huge data among billions of devices demands enormous energy. Green IoT visualizes the concept of minimizing the energy consumption of IoT devices and keeping the environment safe. Design/methodology/approach This paper attempts to analyze diverse techniques associated with energy-efficient protocols in green IoT pertaining to machine-to-machine (M2M) communication. Here, it reviews 73 research papers and states a significant analysis. Initially, the analysis focuses on different contributions related to green energy constraints, especially energy efficiency, and different hierarchical routing protocols. Moreover, the contributions of different optimization algorithms in different state-of-the-art works are also observed and reviewed. Later the performance measures computed in entire contributions along with the energy constraints are also checked to validate the effectiveness of entire contributions. As the number of contributions to energy-efficient protocols in IoT is low, the research gap will focus on the development of intelligent energy-efficient protocols to build up green IoT. Findings The analysis was mainly focused on the green energy constraints and the different robust protocols and also gives information on a few powerful optimization algorithms. The parameters considered by the previous research works for improving the performance were also analyzed in this paper to get an idea for future works. Finally, the paper gives some brief description of the research gaps and challenges for future consideration that helps during the development of an energy-efficient green IoT pertaining to M2M communication. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first work that reviews 65 research papers and states the significant analysis of green IoT.

Internet of Robotic Things: A Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) gives a strong structure for connecting things to the internet to facilitate Machine to Machine (M2M) communication and data transmission through basic network protocols such as TCP/IP. IoT is growing at a fast pace, and billions of devices are now associated, with the amount expected to reach trillions in the coming years. Many fields, including the army, farming, manufacturing, healthcare, robotics, and biotechnology, are adopting IoT for advanced solutions as technology advances. This paper offers a detailed view of the current IoT paradigm, specifically proposed for robots, namely the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT). IoRT is a collection of various developments such as Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, and the (IoT). This paper also goes over architecture, which would be essential in the design of Multi-Role Robotic Systems for IoRT. Furthermore, includes systems underlying IoRT, as well as IoRT implementations. The paper provides the foundation for researchers to imagine the idea of IoRT and to look beyond the frame while designing and implementing IoRT-based robotic systems in real-world implementations.