Turkish Grand National Assembly and Azerbaijani relations in the national struggle period (1920-1923)

In this study, the political relations between the Atatürk Era, the Turkish Grand National Assembly and Azerbaijan are analyzed. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the Turkish Grand National Assembly was established under the leadership of Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Pasha Atatürk. Historical developments between Turkey and the historical importance of the study period and brother country Azerbaijan are discussed in depth. Azerbaijan Soviet leader Neriman Nerimanov’s rational and logical real politics of the Soviet leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin Russia Period to persuade him to help Turkey are examined on the basis of the archive records.

FUNCTIONS OF THE COMICAL IN THE NON-COMICAL WORK “FOR THE JUBILEE” BY VLADIMIR MAYAKOVSKY, OR “AFTER DEATH SHALL WE STAND ALMOST NEARBY: YOU UNDER PI, AND I UNDER EM…”

Введение. Впервые предпринятое исследование лирического сюжета «Юбилейного» ведет к пониманию произведения как поэмы, обнаруживает в ее основании динамику преодоления тяжелейшего душевного состояния героя в процессе виртуального ночного общения с Пушкиным перед памятником ему на Тверском бульваре. Цель работы определяется необходимостью выявления внутренних координат самоидентификации героя – главных линий лирического сюжета, мотивов, их определяющих, смены импульсов-тем в монологе, а также компонентов и приемов комического. Методология исследования определяется комплексом историко-генетического, историко-функционального, сравнительно-исторического методов. Результаты и обсуждение. Основные результаты работы связаны с преодолением традиции отечественного маяковсковедения называть «Юбилейное» в ряду многочисленных стихотворений-«разговоров» поэта, выделять его лишь в связи с конкретным событием – 125-летием со дня рождения Пушкина. Новые перспективы исследования открываются с учетом того, что «Юбилейное» создано в непосредственной временной близости к поэмам «Про это» и «Владимир Ильич Ленин» с важной в них темой метафорической или реальной смерти, проблемой бессмертия и лирическим героем, в ментальных поисках преодолевающим границы реального пространства и времени. В качестве других оснований исследования рассматриваются трансформации компонентов древнего сюжета видения, коннотации произведений Пушкина и знаков его судьбы, которые воспринимаются Маяковским-героем как реплики великого поэта-предшественника в мысленном диалоге с ним. Заключение. Анализ поэтики «Юбилейного» показывает специфически авторское использование автором множества речевых приемов комического в самохарактеристиках. Комическое сопровождает выражение серьезного, остро драматического в судьбе героя поэмы и выступает в функциях преодоления душевной боли, возвращения к жизни в ее радостно-творческом модусе. Introduction. The study of the lyrical plot of the work “For the Jubilee” [Yubileynoye] carried out for the first time helps to understand the work as a poem, finds in its basis the dynamics of overcoming of the hardest sincere condition of the hero in the course of an imaginary night dialogue with Pushkin in front of his monument on Tverskoy boulevard. The purposes of the study are defined by the necessity of finding the internal co-ordinates of self-identification of the hero – the main lines of the lyrical plot, motives defining them, changes of impulses-themes in the monologue, as well as the components and devices of the comical. The methodology of the study is defined by a complex of historical-genetic, historical-functional, and comparativehistorical methods, descriptive poetics, and poetics of non-classical art. Results and discussion. The basic results of the work are connected to the overcoming the tradition of Russian study of Mayakovsky’s works to place “For the Jubilee” among numerous poems-“conversations” of the poet, to distinguish it only in the connection with the certain event – the 125th anniversary of Pushkin’s birthday. New prospects of the research are opened taking into account that “For the Jubilee” was created in the direct time affinity to poems “About That” [Pro eto] and “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”, with the important topic of metaphorical or real death, the problem of immortality and the lyrical hero overcoming boundaries of real space and time in his mental searches. As other bases of research, the transformations of components of the ancient plot of vision, the connotation of Pushkin’s works and signs of his destiny are examined, which are perceived by Mayakovsky-hero as remarks of the great poetpredecessor in the mental dialogue with him. Conclusion. The analysis of poetics of “For the Jubilee” shows the specific author’s use of a set of speech devices of the comical in self-characteristics. The comical accompanies the expression of the serious, the sharply dramatic in the destiny of the poem’s hero and acts as a function to overcome mental anguish, to return to life in its joyful creative modus.

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1870–1924) and Lev Davidovich Trotsky (1879–1940)

Though they were bitter political foes for 14 years, Lenin and Trotsky came together in the summer of 1917 and oversaw the Bolshevik takeover of power in October. Though Lenin was the clear leader of the revolutionary government, he appointed Trotsky to key positions, notably fighting the civil war. Lenin also protected Trotsky, who had accumulated many enemies. Following Lenin’s death, in 1924, Trotsky was pushed out of power and into exile.

A Revolutionary Party Emerges

This chapter traces the beginnings of a communist party under Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and how that party came to be defined. When Lenin and other Bolshevik leaders spoke of their party in the early 1900s, they still viewed it primarily in revolutionary terms and only secondarily appreciated the benefits of greater organization. As revolutionaries, they viewed their mission in terms of working together to ensure that the proletariat followed through on its historically appointed task. Thus, there was considerably more room for debate among them about the party's purposes than is commonly assumed. The organizational structures would eventually come. But this would be a slow process, reflecting an abiding tension between the idea of the party's function in the Revolution and the organs that were required for effective governance thereafter.

“O IMPERIALISMO, ETAPA SUPERIOR DO CAPITALISMO” de VLADIMIR IILICH ULIANOV LENIN.

<p>Resenha de “O Imperialismo, Etapa Superior do Capitalismo” de Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.</p>