Monkey see, monkey do? Examining the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and knowledge sharing on new venture creation for Gen Y and Gen Z

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial intention and attitude towards knowledge sharing on new business creation by comparing two generations, Y generation (millennials) and Z generation (post-millennial). In addition, the current study uses a social cognitive theory as a point of departure to test the research hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach This study deploys a quantitative approach (hypothetic-deductive approach) by surveying 300 respondents representing the two Indonesian generations. The questionnaire consisting of demographic items (age, education, etc.) and variables was the primary research instrument. This study used regression analysis, a Wald test for examining the proposed hypotheses and a t-test to provide a deeper analysis of the findings. Findings Findings from the current study show that Gen Y is still seeking a balance for their learning sources by involving in their social environments as well as exploring the digital world. In contrast, Gen Z is much more dominant in the independence to learn things that interest them. They have less dependency on social patrons but prioritise themselves as the leading model. Practical implications The findings of this study provide practical implications for higher education institutions in the development of entrepreneurship education to achieve learning effectiveness. Originality/value This study aims to contribute by providing empirical evidence in the effect of entrepreneurial orientation and attitude towards knowledge sharing on new venture creation with particular reference to Gen Y and Gen Z, suggested by previous studies. Although Gen Y and Gen Z are digital natives, this study provides insight into a shift in the characteristic of two generations, as also found in comparison to previous generations, such as Baby-Boomer vs Gen X and Gen X vs Gen Y. This study proclaims the need to adjust organisational theories to enable them to explain the shifting phenomena at the micro and macro level for every generation. Exploratory research to better understand the characteristics of a generation in other settings is a crucial proposal proposed by this study.

Entrepreneurial Passion in Entrepreneurship Education

By interviewing alumni about their experiences of entrepreneurship education and post-graduation careers, this study explored how students can harness entrepreneurial passion in a venture creation programme. The findings emphasise the importance of learning ‘soft skills' in entrepreneurship education, as well as experiencing the ‘necessary evil' of failure and learning from failure in a safe environment. Most importantly, the chapter illustrates the connection between safety, action, emotion, and passion in a VCP. Lastly, this study highlights that harnessing obsessive passion into a sustainable form is an important yet difficult task. Passion changes over time, and VCP students harness this passion to achieve ‘sustainable obsessive and harmonious passion'. This study contributes to the literature on the development of entrepreneurial universities by focusing on the students and their entrepreneurial passion.

Pengaruh Educational dan Economic Empowerment Terhadap New Venture Creation: Peran Moderasi Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy

The current condition of women in the Bantul Coast has low knowledge, skills, creative attitudes, and aspirations, which results in many women living in poverty. Therefore, women on the coast need to be empowered. Women's empowerment that needs to be done is empowerment in the economic field which is useful for overcoming poverty and education that is useful for developing organizational skills. This study aims to examine the effect of educational empowerment and economic empowerment on new venture creation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as moderating variables in women on the Bantul coast. This research is expected to be able to provide additional empirical evidence to strengthen the concepts and theories regarding the factors that influence women's empowerment towards new venture creation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the application of these contents to the community. In terms of time dimension, this research is included in the cross-sectional research category. The sampling technique uses nonprobability sampling type purposive sampling. The sample in this study are women who are members of the Family Welfare Development (PKK) group in the coastal village of Bantul. The analytical model used is the Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study are the first effect of economic empowerment on new venture creation, the second is the effect of educational empowerment on new venture creation, and the third is entrepreneurial self-efficacy moderating the effect of education empowerment and economic empowerment on new venture creation.

Entrepreneurship and Small Island Economies

Over the past two decades, the study of entrepreneurship and its importance to the economy has increased in appeal to academics, practitioners and governments. This study explores entrepreneurship in small island economies within regions based on Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) and Established Business Ownership (EBO) as observed in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) dataset. This research uses the pooled regression model to study the impact of TEA and EBO on economic growth. The findings highlight that new venture creation is a driver that improves gross domestic product (GDP); however, there are significant differences across SIDS in the orientation of TEA and EBO that suggest that other contextual issues like culture, education system, and entrepreneurial support elements influence entrepreneurial behaviour across regions as well. The more advanced of these nations like Singapore and Puerto Rico benefit from knowledge networks and scientific mobility, while the smaller economies in the Caribbean and Pacific Region show less openness to pursuing entrepreneurial endeavours. These findings provide a foundation for further research on varying types of combinations of both economic factors and contextual differences that lend to the transitioning process towards an emerging economy.

Great Minds Think Alike, Fools Seldom Differ: An Empirical Analysis of Opportunity Assessment in Technology Entrepreneurs

This study extends the literature on self-employment and entrepreneurship by offering empirical insights into the factors that influence technology entrepreneurs at the early stages of the new venture creation process. Specifically, this research focuses on how technology entrepreneurs assess opportunities at the start of the process. Using data from technology entrepreneurs in Ireland, we analyze differences between part-time entrepreneurs and full-time entrepreneurs and discover that not all entrepreneurs attach importance to activities that were previously considered fundamental. While we confirm that opportunity cost, market assessment, and financial analysis are critical and ever-present, we argue that aspiring technology entrepreneurs must be cognizant that when employment-related costs are included as a dimension of opportunity costs, the level and importance of opportunity costs rise for both part-time and full-time entrepreneurs. We also find that whether nascent entrepreneurs work full-time or part-time on the new venture has an impact on which activities are completed and at what point of the process they are completed. For example, we show that part-time entrepreneurs identify markets earlier than full-time entrepreneurs whereas the opposite is true when it comes to financial data preparation. We argue that a greater understanding of these issues will help technology entrepreneurs to make informed decisions. As a result, our findings may influence an aspiring entrepreneur’s decision to start a new venture. They also have ramifications for investors and support services. Consequently, we discuss theoretical contributions, practical ramifications, and future research possibilities.

A ten-year cross-national examination of the dance between intuition and rationality in entrepreneurial processes

Entrepreneurs rely, to a degree, on intuition while they also rely on rationality. Both are associated with formation of expectations for new venture creation as well as perseverance of efforts in managing the new venture and its creation. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data from three distinct countries over a ten-year period are used in logistic regression analysis to find, not unexpectedly, that intuition and rationality vary in impact across countries and over time. While the findings confirm past findings, they also provide intriguing new insights into the dance between intuition and rationality in entrepreneurial processes.

UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESSES OF NECESSITY MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS IN DEVELOPING CONTEXTS: THE TIJUANA CASE

We conducted an exploratory multi-case study of female, necessity micro-entrepreneurs in developing contexts to partially validate an existing theoretical model and identify relevant omitted variables. Using a sample of eight female, necessity entrepreneurs in Tijuana (Mexico), we were able to challenge the established pull-push binary framework in entrepreneurship as well as the linear entrepreneurial process. Our analysis suggests that motivations, family embeddedness and gender identity are critical factors impacting the female micro-venture creation process in developing contexts. We summarize our theoretical findings in a new process model that accounts for macro, meso and micro factors, offering contributions to the scholarship on female entrepreneurship in developing contexts.

Venture creation patterns in academic entrepreneurship: the role of founder motivations

The path to academic entrepreneurship is characterized by a sequence of venture creation activities, which can be classified into operational-, financing- and commercialization activities. Academic entrepreneurship research is concerned with the question how different motives of scientists affect the patterns of these venture creation activities. Using a longitudinal two-period dataset of 165 academic entrepreneurs from 73 universities in Germany, we propose and test a multi-activity-based model that links different types of entrepreneurial motives to venture creation activities. The findings show that founder motives related to self-realization, necessity and an increased financial income increase the likelihood of completing venture creation activities, whereas work-life balance motivations and the drive to make better use of one’s professional knowledge decrease that likelihood. The desire to translate research ideas into practice has no effect. Our results further show that the positive effects of seeking self-realization and an increased financial income are more pronounced for completing commercialization activities than for operational activities. Our study contributes to research on academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivations and helps university administrators and policymakers to design their entrepreneurship support programs more effectively.