Entrepreneurial Intention and Multidimensional Proverty

The authors intend to identify the level of entrepreneurial intention and multidimensional poverty of the population of a Spanish rural municipality; secondly, they want to know the impact of the factors that, according to the theory of planned behavior, determine the entrepreneurial intention; thirdly, they attempt to show the characteristics of the relationship between the entrepreneurial intention and multidimensional poverty; and, fourthly, and in light of previously generated knowledge, strategies, programs, projects, and/or actions that contribute to the reduction of multidimensional poverty will be proposed. This research provides social utility and is original to the extent that it remedies a weakness in the literature consulted: the deficit of studies that contemplate, from both the theoretical and empirical perspective, the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and multidimensional poverty.

Interface between Tourism and Rural Development in Panchmul, Nepal

This study explores interfaces between tourism and rural development outcomes (constructs) in Panchmul located in Aandhikhola rural municipality of Syangja District. A comprehensive researcher strategy has been applied in this study. The necessary information was collected from 21 participants selected purposively from tourism and rural development programs. This study found functional interfaces or two ways contributions between tourism and rural development outcomes. Similarly, tourism related activities are building social capital, developing rural infrastructures, maintaining community well-being, and conserving biodiversity which are learning platforms to the neighboring villagers and others people. Panchmul can be a model village for rural development if skillful local youths are mobilized in the activities of tourism development, promotional, and management. That’s why there must be transformative interfaces between constructs thus better to apply the strategic interface model developed from this study by the local development stakeholders.

Practicability Assessment of Smart Village Project: A Case of Sandakpur Rural Municipality, Ilam Nepal

Purpose: Villages are the backbone of the nation and a smart village means such a village that can provide various services needed in day-to-day life to the villagers effectively and efficiently. The overall objective of this research is to assess the practicability of the smart village in the hilly region of Nepal with the case of a Sandakpur Rural Municipality (SRM). Design/Methodology/Approach: The study covered the area within Maipokhari and Sulubung village of Sandakpur Rural Municipality. Ontology and Epistemology philosophy of research was used as positivism. This research was intended to propose the model of smart village examined through a scheduled questionnaire in village sample of SRM, literature reviews related to smart village, and smart rural. This research proposed the smart village with the characteristics as Smart Utilization of Resources, Smart Living, Smart Governance, Smart Village Services, Smart Technology, Smart Tourism, and Gender Equity and Women Equity which can comply with some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Five points Likert scale was used on ranking smart village feature and Chi-Square test is done to determine the significance of respondent’s opinions for the variables from the collected data. After the analysis of data with the Five-Point Likert Scale, ratings on smart features were given as Fair (2.82), Fair (3.02), Fair (2.93), Fair (3.17), Fair (3.2), Good (2.42), and Poor (3.46) respectively. Findings/Result: The chi-square test showed that the majority of respondents supported the perspective toward Smart Village features as fair. Smart villages can only be possible with long-term planning, strategy and investment. With the adoption of features of the smart village, the study area can be converted into a smart village but it may take time to incorporate these features completely The Smart village model is expected to be applied to villages in other regions by adjusting the characteristics of each region as every village has their own characteristics. Originality/Value: It is action research to analyze the practicability of smart village development. It will be a method universal acceptable for assessing the feasibility of smart cities. The new concept will be fruitful for policymakers, Professionals, and nations for systematic development. Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research.

Insect Pest Management of Vegetables in Pocket Areas of Modi Rural Municipality, Parbat

Modi Rural Municipality is one of the commercial vegetable pocket areas under temperate climate. A study was carried out during July 2021 in three vegetable growing areas: Tilahar, Deupur and Bajung of Modi Rural Municipality. A total number of nine quadrates (10×10) m2 were laid, including three replicating quadrates in each area with 500m differences from each quadrates in the sampling site. Overall, 18 farmers were interviewed to collect information about vegetables grown, insect pests that affected vegetables and their management practices. The total number of 24 insect pests were recorded belonging to five orders from 14 vegetable crops. Greater Sorensen's similarity index of insects was recorded in Tilahar and Deupur (ß=0.52) because there was similarity in environment, habitats, larval host plants and visiting plants of insects. Lower Sorensen's similarity index (ß=0.25) was recorded in Deupur and Bajung as there was less similarity in environment, habitats, larval host plants and visiting plants of insects. Insect pests and diseases on vegetables were the major problems in the study areas. The use of chemical insecticides was the means to control adopted by most of farmers while a few of them used other control methods. Insecticides on pests were applied considering fewer precautions. The study clearly indicated that the farmer’s knowledge towards Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was null and thus necessary action should be taken by concerned agencies to increase rate of vegetable production, avoid the heavy use of chemicals and allied consequences.

An evaluation of urbanisation processes in suburban zones using land-cover data and fuzzy set theory

The aim of this article was to evaluate urbanisation processes in space using the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) databases. The study was conducted in the rural municipality of Dywity in the direct vicinity of the city of Olsztyn. Basic concepts and methods for evaluating urbanisation processes were determined based on a review of the literature. The article addresses issues related to spatial management and GIS as a data source and a tool for analysing land management activities. The search for new methods for evaluating spatial management and spatial processes plays a particularly important role in rapidly urbanising areas. The study explored the applicability of GIS as a data source and a tool for evaluating urbanisation processes in studies that rely on modern methods such as fuzzy set theory. The intensity and dynamics of urbanisation processes were evaluated based on changes in land cover with the use of CLC databases.

Factors Affecting Household Expenditure using OLS Method: A Case Study of Ward Number 6 of Sidhalek Rural Municipality, Dhading, Nepal

Background: The role of annual household expenditure is very important to run a family smoothly. It incorporates the total expenditure of a family who is residing in a house for their livelihood. There are different factors associated with annual household expenditure, and the assessment of them and identification of such factors play a vital role in the concerned area. Objective: To identify the most significant factors associated with annual household expenditure using an appropriate statistical model. Materials and Methods: The study based on cross-sectional study design with 168 households from ward number 6 of Sidhalek rural municipality of Dhading district were considered for the analysis. The multiple linear regression model followed by appropriate bivariate analysis was used to identify the significant factors associated with the outcome variable. Results: Number of literate persons of working age (β = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.004 - 0.032), remittance-receiving status (β = 0.093, 95% CI: 0.026 - 0.160), and gender of household head (β = 0.089, 95% CI: 0.023 - 0.155) was significantly associated with the annual household expenditure. The goodness of fit and diagnostics of the fitted model were also performed. Conclusion: The annual household expenditure is significantly higher among those households having more literate persons of working age, headed by a male and receiving remittance. Considerable improvements need to be made towards the improvements on human capital and remittance-receiving status particularly in the rural area of Nepal.

Measuring Effectiveness of Project Communication Channels in Affected Communities in Nepal

This study is identifying the most appropriate communication medium to communicate with local people by Arun-3 Hydropower Project (AHPP) especially focusing on the project construction phase. Since, the study is focused on the construction period when chances of misunderstanding, miscommunication, and other conflicts between project-affected people and the project, will be high due to higher incidences of social and environmental issues. This study was completed by applying mix method of research where quantitative research was conducted through a survey among local people of Makalu Rural Municipality (MRM) of Sankhuwasabha and a case interview was done with the chairman of the same Rural Municipality. The study has revealed that local radios and public meetings are the most recommended mediums that participants expected to support the project in properly disseminating project-related information to local people. This article suggests that AHPP should disseminate information about project activities mainly through local radios and public meetings. This study also concludes that the project developer is not providing sufficient information about project activities to local people, which is also a source of misunderstanding between the two sides.

Communication Participative dans les Champ Ecole Paysans Pour L’amelioration des Systemes de Cultures Pluviales dans le Departement de Diffa au Niger

La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité et le rôle de la communication participative dans les champ école paysans (CEP) mis en œuvre par la Chambre Régionale d’Agriculture (CRA) de Diffa (Niger). La méthodologie utilisée s’est appuyée sur la recherche documentaire, l’observation directe, les enquêtes de terrain auprès des apprenants, des responsables des CEP et des encadreurs (CRA). Au total, 112 personnes, réparties en 96 apprenants, 12 responsables de CEP et 4 encadreurs de CRA, ont été enquêtées sur six sites d’intervention du CRA/Diffa dont trois sites dans la commune urbaine de Diffa, deux sites dans la commune rurale de Gueskerou et un site dans la commune rurale de Chetimari. L’analyse des données a été faite au moyen du logiciel Sphinx V5. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré des taux de l’ordre de 80% à 100% pour le degré de participation au CEP des apprenants, un niveau de connaissance de 100% du thème principal. Il ressort, aussi, des résultats de l’étude un taux allant de 78,12% à 100% de niveau d’adoption des techniques et pratiques agricoles par les apprenants. L’approche CEP, en tant que méthodologie de recherche-action formative et participative, se présente comme une voie convaincante pour faciliter l’adoption et la diffusion des innovations à travers le monde rural. L’originalité et la simplicité du processus permetent non seulement une meilleure appropriation des innovations, mais aussi une participation active des paysans à la production végétale vivrière d‘où une valorisation de la fonction paysanne. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and role of participatory communication in the Farmer Field School (FFS) implemented by the Regional Chamber of Agriculture (RCA) of Diffa (Niger). The methodology used was based on documentary research, direct observation, field surveys of learners, CEP managers and supervisors (CRAs). A total of 112 people divided into 96 learners, 12 FFS managers and 4 RCA supervisors, were surveyed at six RCA / Diffa intervention sites, including three sites in the urban municipality of Diffa, two sites in the rural municipality of Gueskerou and a site in the rural commune of Chetimari. Data analysis is done using Sphinx V5 software. The results of the study showed rates in the order of 80% to 100% for the degree of participation in the FFS of the learners, a level of knowledge of 100% of the main topic. The results of the study also show a rate ranging from 78.12% to 100% of the level of adoption of agricultural techniques and practices by learners. The FFS approach, as a formative and participatory action research methodology, presents itself as a convincing avenue to facilitate the adoption and dissemination of innovations throughout the rural world. The originality and the simplicity of its processes not only allow a better appropriation of innovations, but also an active participation of the farmers in agronomic production and therefore, an enhancement of the farmers function.

A mega health camp at a rural municipality of Eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study revealing the state of health among the population served

Background: Health camps are usually targeted to underprivileged people of rural places. They help in the awareness, preventive and curative services to those people. A mega health camp was conducted in Yangwarak rural municipality of Panchthar district of Eastern Nepal. All the services including medicines, consultation charges, laboratory services and imaging were free of cost.Methods: It’s a prospective cross-sectional study comprised of all consecutive patients attending the camp in Yangwarak rural municipality of Panchthar district in Eastern Nepal. All the patients attending the free camp were taken as a case. Necessary information was deducted and enrolled in this study. The data was entered into the Microsoft excel software and analysed using statistical package for social studies (SPSS) software 23.0 version.Results: A total of 1656 people were directly benefitted with consultation of a dozen of department. 58.7% were female and rest were male. Majority of people had gastrointestinal issues. The knowledge, attitude and practice to health was poor.Conclusions: Keeping in mind the findings of the camp, this only represents the tip of iceberg. There are many such places with needy people who need the help of health professionals and proper address by the government. The preventive approach to health should be magnified even more.

SITUATION OF FOREIGN EMPLOYMENT AND REMITTANCE IN NEPAL: A CASE STUDY OF SIMTA RURAL MUNICIPALITY OF NEPAL

The study aims to explore the situation of foreign employment and remittance on social and economic status in households. For this purpose, a total of 116 households having migrant family members (at least one) were selected in Simta Rural Municipality of Surkhet District, Nepal. The information was collected via interview by using a structured interview schedule. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were carried out to analyze the impact of remittance. The impact of remittances on both economic status and the social status of the sampled households is remarkable. At a time when the country’s major economic indicators are not favorable, remittances have played a vital role in maintaining macroeconomic stability and keeping the economy afloat. Though remittances sent home by migrant workers are a boon to the economy, the facilities are inadequate to back up the increasing trend of migration. Inadequate information on foreign employment, lack of skill training, and lack of assurance of safe working environment and rights of the migrant workers have obstructed foreign employment. Formulation and effective implementation of pro-poor migration policy is the need of today. The government should play a proactive role to promote foreign employment by inducting and adhering to the policy of economic diplomacy. Replicating the best practice of the region has to be endorsed in our national context for promotion and regularization of foreign employment, to encourage the official transfer of remittance, and to streamline the asset and skill of the returnees for the economic development of the country.