A weighted group shuffled decoding for low-density parity-check codes

In this paper, we have developed several concepts such as the tree concept, the short cycle concept and the group shuffling concept of a propagation cycle to decrypt low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Thus, we proposed an algorithm based on group shuffling propagation where the probability of occurrence takes exponential form exponential factor appearance probability belief propagation-group shuffled belief propagation (EFAP-GSBP). This algorithm is used for wireless communication applications by providing improved decryption performance with low latency. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our suggested technique EFAP-GSBP, we ran numerous simulations that demonstrated that our algorithm is superior to the traditional BP/GSBP algorithm for decrypting LPDC codes in both regular and non-regular forms

The Influence of Long and Short Cycle Schemes of Self-Cycling Fermentation on the Growth of E. Coli and S. Cerevisiae

Self-cycling fermentation (SCF), a cyclic process in which cells divide once per cycle, has been shown to lead to improvements in productivity during bioconversion and, often, whole-culture synchronization. Previous studies have found that in some cases, the completion of synchronized cell replication occurred simultaneously with depletion of a limiting nutrient. However, exceptions were also observed when the end of cell doubling occurred before the exhaustion of the limiting nutrient. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms and impacts of these growth patterns on bioprocessing, we investigated the growth of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in long- and short-cycle SCF strategies. Three characteristic events linked to SCF cycles were identified: (1) the completion of synchronized cell replication, (2) the depletion or a plateau of the limiting nutrient, and (3) characteristic points of control parameters (e.g., the minimum of dissolved oxygen and the maximum of carbon dioxide evolution rate). Three major trends stemming from this study and SCF literature were observed: (A) co-occurrence of the three key events in SCF cycles, (B) cycles for which cell replication ended prior to the co-occurrence of the other two events, and (C) cycles for which the time of depletion or a plateau of the limiting nutrient occurred later than the concurrence of the other two events. Based on these observations, a novel definition for SCF is proposed.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal inferior turbinate: a case report

An extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) is a rare neoplasm characterized by monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells without features of multiple myeloma. Most EMPs occur in the head and neck region, especially in the aerodigestive tract. We herein report a case of an EMP arising from the nasal inferior turbinate. The mass was surgically removed, and a short cycle of radiotherapy was performed after the surgery. There was no recurrence of the tumor after 1 year of follow-up. These result may be useful for physicians who encounter similar situations in clinical practice.

Influence of agroforestry system modalities on maize (Zea mays) yield in an Amazon ecosystem

Corn is among the short-cycle annual species used in agroforestry systems due to its adaptation to intercropping. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the corn yield, cultivar BIO Z 2365, in two types of agroforestry systems. The experiment was carried out in a forestry agroforestry system in two treatments: mechanized with mineral fertilizer and semi-mechanized with organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a forestry agroforestry system (AFSs), with two treatments, mechanized with mineral fertilizers (MEC) and semi-mechanized with organic fertilizers (SMEC). Each treatment was composed of four crop strips (4 x 24 m) distributed with plants arranged at a distance of 0.50 m between lines, totaling four plots per treatment. A random collection of 20 plants per strip was used, and different variables related to production were evaluated. The productivity was estimated using the EMATER and Reetz methods and by estimating the direct yield. The t-test was adopted to verify the difference between treatments. The mechanized system was superior for all the variables evaluated, obtaining average yield of 41.6 bags ha-1. In the semi-mechanized system, the average yield was 29.2 bags ha-1. The performance of cultivar BIO Z 2365 was better in the mechanized system. However, the results revealed that the cultivation of short-cycle crops, despite technological restrictions in the experimental area, can mean an increase in income for small producers or act in reducing the costs of the implementation and maintenance in agroforestry systems; operating as an agent of economic sustainability.

Consent in Love and Marriage in Songs Associated with Princess Isabel of Castile

In Christian canon law, marriage is considered invalid if consent has not been obtained from both partners. Isabel of Castile understood this: rejecting the suitors selected by Enrique IV, she insisted on her right to marry a husband of her choice. Similarly, in the courtly love tradition to which ladies then subscribed, voluntary commitment was regarded as an essential feature of love, but there was a tacit understanding that marriage should not be mentioned as a solution. By assigning the song ‘Ni me plaze, ni consiento’ to Prince Alfonso, Isabel’s brother, in the poem that he wrote about the prince’s departure from Arévalo c. 1466-1468, Nicolás de Guevara was drawing attention to the need to respect this principle, and also alluding to an understanding between Alfonso and his sister that each would insist upon it. It is within this context that we may interpret a short cycle of poems in the British Library Cancionero (LB1) associated with the courtship of Isabel by King Afonso V of Portugal in the years 1465-1468.

The Farming System

There are two millet varieties cultivated in Kala, a long-cycle bush field, and a short-cycle village field variety, covering more than 90% of farmed land. The characteristics, scale and access to land, labour and capital are presented, showing the very high reliance on household-owned resources. The pattern of activity between the two varieties is shown for 1980 and 1981, given differences in rainfall distribution. The size of bush and village fields, and their distribution by household are described and inputs of labour and plough-team use discussed. The particular importance of manure availability is shown for more intensive cultivation of village field millet, before presenting the performance of households in terms of yields of the two varieties, per hectare and per worker, demonstrating both competition and complementarity between the two crops.