Pedestrian motion centroid model based on robot dynamics

In recent years, with the rapid development of computer vision technology, image-based human body research has become an important task, such as pedestrian target detection, trajectory tracking, posture estimation and behaviour recognition. The centre of mass is one of the important characteristics that can reflect the phenomenon of pedestrian movement. This paper first introduces the biped robot model in robotics, starting from forward and inverse kinematics, to find the mapping relationship between the position of each joint and the pose of the end effector. Then, corresponding to the skeleton model of the human joint points, the characteristics of the bone posture and joint angle are determined. The moment of inertia factor is introduced, and the motion superposition of different joint points is considered to establish a pedestrian motion centroid model. By calculating the equivalent dynamic centroid, the pedestrian kinematics law can be explored and the pedestrian movement mechanism can be more deeply recognized.

Car Free Zone as Planning Vision to Enhancements Transportation in City Centers (Holy Najaf City Center-Iraq)

The idea of a car-free city represents a solution to the problem of fuel consumption and air pollution caused by the use of cars and replaces the idea of owning and using private cars with an efficient transportation system, and it doesn’t mean living without cars, because cars have become an integral part of a modern city. On the contrary, people can still drive in city but will not park their cars at home. Instead, they park elsewhere on their way home. Research problem: Weak regulation of the movement of vehicles in the center of the holy city of Najaf, which leads to the danger of pedestrian movement in the city center. The aim of the research: to provide a safe and effective movement for pedestrians in the center of the holy city of Najaf. Research hypothesis: The use of the car-free zone strategy in the city center transportation system achieves security for the population in the old city. The research examines reasons behind suggesting free-of-vehicle areas It gives a number of policies to achieve the strategy in the center of the holy city of Najaf, including the provision of public transportation, furniture and comfort for pedestrians in the streets, as well as easy access for the residents of the area. Thus, it is possible to draw the conclusion that there is a possibility to achieve this strategy in religious centers according to a number of policies that suit the specificity of the area.

Data-Driven Simulation of Pedestrian Movement with Artificial Neural Network

To predict pedestrian movement is of vital importance in a wide range of applications. Recently, data-driven models are receiving increasing attention in pedestrian dynamics studies, demonstrating a great potential in enhancing simulation performance. This paper presents a pedestrian movement simulation model based on the artificial neural network, in which two submodels are, respectively, used to predict velocity displacement and velocity direction angle at each time step. Destination information, the pedestrian’s historical movement information, neighboring pedestrians, and environmental obstacles within a semicircular-shaped perception area are used as inputs to learn pedestrian movement behavioral rules. In the velocity direction angle submodel, a novel division method on pedestrian’s perception area is adopted. Specifically, perception radius is divided into several bands, and perception angle range is divided into a number of sectors, establishing a weighted spatial matrix to represent varied influences of neighboring pedestrians and obstacles. Experiments on two typical scenarios, the unidirectional flow and bidirectional flow in a long straight corridor, were conducted to obtain pedestrian movement datasets. Then, a series of simulation cases were conducted to investigate the proper values for critical parameters, including perception radius, perception angle division, weights of the spatial matrix, and historical movement adoption. In comparison of pedestrian trajectory between simulation results and real data, the mean trajectory error (MTE) and mean destination error (MDE) are, respectively, 0.114 m and 0.171 m in the unidirectional flow scenario, which are, respectively, 0.204 m and 0.362 m in the bidirectional flow scenario. In addition, the fundamental diagram representing density-velocity and density-flow relationships in simulation results agree well with that in real data. The results demonstrate great capacity and credibility of the presented model in simulating pedestrian movement in real applications.

Built Environment Determinants of Pedestrian Activities and Their Consideration in Urban Street Design

Pedestrian facilities have been regarded in urban street design as “leftover spaces” for years, but, currently, there is a growing interest in walking and improving the quality of street environments. Designing pedestrian facilities presents the challenge of simultaneously accommodating (1) pedestrians who want to move safely and comfortably from point A to B (movement function); as well as (2) users who wish to rest, communicate, shop, eat, and enjoy life in a pleasant environment (place function). The aims of this study are to provide an overview of how the task of designing pedestrian facilities is addressed in international guidance material for urban street design, to compare this with scientific evidence on determinants of pedestrian activities, and to finally develop recommendations for advancing provisions for pedestrians. The results show that urban street design guidance is well advanced in measuring space requirements for known volumes of moving pedestrians, but less in planning pleasant street environments that encourage pedestrian movement and place activities. A stronger linkage to scientific evidence could improve guidance materials and better support urban street designers in their ambition to provide safe, comfortable and attractive street spaces that invite people to walk and to stay.

Glossary to Support Applied International Research on Decision Making for High Conflict Urban Marches and Parades

This article was created in context of OPMoPS (Organized Pedestrian Movement in Public Spaces), a French-German interdisciplinary collaboration on high conflict urban marches and parades. As OPMoPS aims to support decision making for authorities of public order, both a French and a German police institution are members of the consortium. Communication with target group was insofar challenging, as their experts' language is close to everyday terms. Thus the authors are proposing the following glossary to support applied international research in this field. Both authors are not skilled language experts but pragmatic members of OPMoPS's police institutions. All terms can be found in English, German and French, with a focus on police and on German police procedure. It is firstly classed in thematic order, and secondly in alphabetical order.