Initial Characterization of Bio-Slurry as Liquid Fertilizer

The demand for organic fertilizers in Indonesia is currently in a critical state. In 2015, it was noticed that the demand of Indonesia for NPK fertilizers reached over 6.5 million tons per year. Given the current state of demand for organic fertilizers in Indonesia, it is imperative to have alternative organic fertilizers that are environmentally friendly and readily available raw materials. One alternative is to use biogas waste that contains essential plant-based nutrients such as NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and additional nutrients such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S). The composition of Bio-Slurry after fermentation consists of 25% ± 5 dry matter and 75% ± 5 water. If the dry substance is decomposed, it contains 18- 27% organic matter. The production of liquid organic fertilizers from BioSlurry requires some anaerobic fermentation process lasting 20 days. During the fermentation process it is necessary to additional raw materials such as cow urine, banana stalk and banana peel to add the N, P and K values to BioSlurry. In the initial characterization test, BioSlurry liquid (after pressing) showed an NPK value of <1% and a C-Organic value of 0.04.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Emulgator terhadap Karakterisasi Fisik Sediaan Krim Ekstrak Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

The formulation and physical characterization test of rosella extract cream preparations have been carried out using various types of non-ionic emulsifier concentration ratios (combination of tween 80 and span 80). Comparison of the concentrations of tween 80 and span 80 used in this study were 2%, 3%, and 4%. The aim of this study included organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, dispersion test, and emulsion type test. The result obtained from the physical characterization test were the organoleptic tests for the three formulas showed the same organoleptic results, namely red color, characteristic smell of rosella, and semisolid consistency. Homogeinity test shows that the formula is homogenous. The pH test showed that F1 4,29; F2 4,6; F3 5. Viscosity test showed that F1 432,4 mPas; F2 434,3 mPas; 435,3 mPas. The dispersion test was carried out without using a load of 50 g, 100 g, and 200 g. the results shown form the spreadability test of three formulas were were F1 5 cm; 5,5 cm; and 6 cm; F2 6 cm; 6,35 cm; 7,25; and 7,5 cm. F3 6,25 cm; 7,5 cm; 7,75 cm; 8 cm. The emulsion type indicated by the three formulas is oil in water. Based on these results, it can be seen that the emulsifier concentration has an effect on PH, viscosity, and spreadibility. The higher the concentration of emulsifier used, the higher pH value, viscosity, and spreadibility.

Numerical Investigation of the Identifiability of Elastomer Mechanical Properties by Nano-Indentation and Shape-Manifold Approach

ABSTRACT Various research is covering instrumented nano-indentation in the literature. However, studies on this characterization test remain limited when it comes to the local mechanical behavior of elastomeric materials. The application of nano-indentation on these materials is a difficult task given their complex mechanical and structural characteristics. We try to overcome these experimental limitations and find an effective numerical approach for local mechanical characterization of hyper-elastic materials. For such needs, we carried out a numerical study based on model reduction and shape manifold approach to investigate the parameters identification of different hyper-elastic constitutive laws by using instrumented indentation. Similarly, we studied the influence of the indenter geometry, the friction coefficient variation, and finally the indented material height effect. To this end, we constructed a reduced order model through a design of experiments by proper orthogonal decomposition combined with the kriging interpolation method.

Formulation and Stability Test of Cream Ethanol Extract Senduduk Leaves (Melastoma malabatricum L.) On Burn Healing of Male White Mice

Burns are tissue damage caused by contact with heat sources such as fire, chemicals, electricity and radiation. This study aims to find a new burn drug from senduduk leaves (Melastoma malabathricum L.) with a form of standard cream preparation type M/A. The viscous extract of the leaves of senduduk is carried out by a characterization test and screening test, then formulated in the form of cream with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Standard cream type M/A formulated with senduduk leaf extract was evaluated and tested for the stability of the preparation. Mice were burnt with a heated metal plate, then smeared with the cream of senduduk leaf extract and the diameter was measured using a calliper by measuring the four sides of the wound diameter and averaging it to obtain the proportion of wound closure. The percentage of wound closure was analyzed at D-1 to D-11 treatment. The results showed that the ethanol extract of senduduk leaf cream preparation with a concentration of 7.5% was more effective in healing burns with an average diameter of 0.20 cm of final burns and the proportion of wound healing was 99% compared to the concentration of senduduk leaf extract cream preparation which was other. The results of the burn test showed that the ethanol extract of senduduk leaf cream with a concentration of 7.5% was efficacious in healing wounds in mice.

Analisis Struktur Kristal dan Sifat Kemagnetan Material Komposit Perovskite Manganit Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3/ZnO

AbstrakPerovskite manganit merupakan salah satu rekayasa material yang dapat menghasilkan perubahan fenomena fisika. Telah berhasil dibuat material berbasis perovskite manganit Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 menggunakan metode sol-gel¬ dan dikompositkan dengan ZnO (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)1-x/(ZnO)x (x = 0; 0,3; 0,5; 0,7). Hasil pengujian X-Ray Diffraction menunjukkan sampel Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 berstruktur tunggal ortorombik dan sampel ZnO pada (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)0,5/(ZnO)0,5 berstruktur heksagonal tunggal. Hasil pengujian Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope menunjukkan sampel telah homogen dengan rata-rata ukuran butir 0,188 μm. Hasil pengujian Vibrating Sample Magnetometer menunjukkan sampel (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)0,5/(ZnO)0,5 bersifat paramagnetik dan mengalami penurunan sifat magnetik juga suseptibilitas seiring dengan penambahan konsentrasi material ZnO. AbstractPerovskite manganite is one of the manipulation materials that can produce changes in physical phenomena. Perovskite material Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 has been made with the sol-gel method and then composites with ZnO (Nd0.6Sr0.4MnO3)1-x/(ZnO)x (x = 0; 0.3; 0.5, 0, 7). The results of the X-Ray Diffraction characterization test showed samples of Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3 and ZnO each with a single orthorhombic phase with a Pnma space group and a single hexagonal with a P63mc space group. The results of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope characterization test showed that the samples were homogeneous with an average grain size of 0,188 μm. Vibrating Sample Magnetometer characterization test results show composite material (Nd0,6Sr0,4MnO3)1-x/(ZnO)x are paramagnetic and the increasing composition of ZnO material decreases the magnetization and susceptibility value of sample

Characterization test on nonlinear vibration of the fibre-reinforced composite thin plate

In this research, the characterization test on nonlinear vibration of a fibre-reinforced composite thin plate is studied. First, in order to improve the efficiency and precision of the test, a laser scanning vibration system is designed and developed. Then, test methods and procedures of the harmonic distortion and nonlinear time-varying damping of such thin plates are proposed from the time-domain perspective. Corresponding test methods and procedures of nonlinear vibration properties such as the hard/soft stiffness and amplitude-dependent damping are also presented from the frequency-domain perspective. Finally, the TC500 carbon fibre/resin composite plate is selected as an example for the research to carry out a case study. Potential nonlinear vibration phenomena of such plates are characterized by the proposed test methods. It has been proved that the related test system and techniques adopted in this paper can provide an important reference for the establishment of the nonlinear vibration test methodology of fibre-reinforced composite structures.

Screen Printed-Carbon Electrode Modifikasi Bismut untuk Analisis Kadmium dengan Voltametri Siklik

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that has high toxicity. Cadmium levels need to be considered in an environment that can accumulate and can poison all biotic components. In this research measurements of cadmium metal using bismuth-modified carbon screen electrode used cyclic voltammetry method. The parameters considered are the resolution of the comparative electrodes and the voltage produced from variations in cadmium concentration. The test results prove the stability of three sensors each at a voltage of 3.3 - 4.6 mV, 9.3-11.4 mV, and 27.4 - 29.8 mV. While the results of the cyclic voltammetry characterization test vary depending on the concentration of cadmium. Concentrations of 0.5-100 ng / mL produce an oxidation peak at a current of 2.03 x 10-5 - 5.00 x 10-5 A. These results show a directly proportional relationship between the cadmium concentration and the resulting current.