The Implementation of Supervision of Madrasah Principal in Developing A Guidance and Counseling Program

The results of this study indicate that: 1) The implementation of the supervision of the madrasah principal in developing the guidance and counseling program has been well implemented and can help, guide, and provide direction to BK teachers in compiling and developing guidance and counseling programs. The steps are carried out in several steps, including preparing a schedule and supervision instrument, notifying the BK teacher who will be supervised, carrying out supervision to the BK teacher by checking the program and monitoring its implementation, and evaluating or assessing the BK program. The technique used in the implementation of the supervision of the madrasah principal is individual and group techniques. Meanwhile, the approach to the supervision of the head of the madrasah is a direct and indirect approach. 2) Factors supporting the implementation of the supervision of the madrasah Principal in developing guidance and counseling programs are cooperation and support from all parties in the school, the existence of a program or supervision schedule, and BK tools in the form of programs and RPL. While the inhibiting factor is the existence of an agenda or schedule for the madrasa principal that coincides with the schedule for the implementation of supervision for BK teachers so that supervision can be delayed. 3) The solution to overcome obstacles in implementing the supervision of the madrasa principal in developing a counseling guidance program is to arrange or change the supervision schedule to another time and coordinate with the BK teacher so that supervision can still be carried out.

The impact of the volume of sugar cane on the wages of workers in the sugarcane refinery, ketol district, Aceh central regency

Sugarcane (Saccharum Offcinarum L) is one of the important commodities for making sugar which has become a necessity for industry and households. Sugarcane which is processed into sugar granules or often known as brown sugar is located in the Ketol District, Central Aceh Regency. Central Aceh Regency, especially in Ketol District, West Blang Mancung Village, is one of the sugar cane producers. Sugarcane is an annual plant that has its own characteristics, because in the stem there is sugar, sugarcane plants belong to the grass family (Gramenia) such as rice, corn and others. Linear regression analysis is an indirect approach that is used to measure the effect of the volume of sugarcane juice on the wages of workers in the sugar mill Sulaiman Ali sugarcane mill, Ketol District, Central Aceh Regency. The results of the linear regression analysis obtained from the research results are the equation = 7179,497 + 14,464 X1. Where it means that every increase in the total volume of sugarcane juice by 14,464 will increase the wage income of milling workers at the Sulaiman Ali sugarcane refinery, Ketol District, Central Aceh Regency, amounting to Rp. 14,464 /person with an average income of Rp. Rp 34,656.25/person/one production process.

The Indirect Approach: Towards Non-Dominating Dementia Care

Carers often interfere with the choices of people living with dementia. On neorepublican and (most) relational egalitarian views, interference can be justified if it tracks a person's interests: if it does not lead to a relationship of domination. However, the kind of environment-shaping interventions carers often pursue would be considered infantilising or objectionably paternalistic in other cases. In this paper, I defend this indirect approach and argue that it offers the best prospects of dementia care without domination.

Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum of Botanical End-Products: An Integration of Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity Datasets to Identify Antifungal Bioactives

Plants produce various compounds as defensive barriers to naturally control fungal diseases. Among them, vascular wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most destructive diseases in crops, causing relevant economic losses. The application of synthetic fungicides is the most used management for this disease. However, this kind of method also involves adverse environmental impacts. Therefore, alternative methods are continuously being developed as a strategy to be involved in integrated pest management programs. Thus, as part of our research on antifungals of plant origin, a group of botanical extracts was assessed for the respective inhibitory effect on mycelium and conidia of F. oxysporum. Mycelial growth inhibition was measured in 12-well plates containing amended semi-solid medium, whereas conidial susceptibility was determined through microdilution. The identification of the bioactive compounds among test extracts was performed using an indirect approach, consisting of the integration of chemical composition and antifungal activity datasets through single-Y orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) regression. Results showed that Piper aduncum extract was the most potent mycelial growth inhibitor whereas P. elongatum exhibited the best effect on conidia susceptibility. The active compounds identified through statistical integration and subsequent isolation were piperaduncin C, asebogenin and (−)-methyllinderatin. These findings indicated that the integrative, indirect approach is useful for the identification of bioactive metabolites from botanical extracts to be further used as biological protective agents against this phytopathogen.

WHY CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR NEGLIGENCE CANNOT BE INDIRECT

A popular way to try to justify holding defendants criminally responsible for inadvertent negligence is via an indirect or “tracing” approach, namely an approach which traces the inadvertence back to prior culpable action. I argue that this indirect approach to criminal negligence fails because it cannot account for a key feature of how criminal negligence should be (and sometimes is) assessed. Specifically, it cannot account for why, when considering whether a defendant is negligent, what counts as a risk should be assessed relative to the defendant's evidence.

Hearing voices: Paul Celan with Bernhard Waldenfels

The paper discusses voice as a medium of human communication through the indirect approach of listening. After designating the multifaceted nature of the voice, the author dedicates attention to Bernhard Waldenfels' theory of the voice as developed on the basis of the phenomenology of the alien. According to Waldenfels, the polyphony of the vocal, in which the own and the alien re-sound in mutual permeation, calls for the possibility of responsive listening. In the concluding portion of the article, the author takes into consideration one of the poems from the cycle "Stimmen" ("Voices") that Paul Celan published in the collection Sprachgitter. With regard also to Celan's auto-poetological writings, the ensuing interpretation attempts to briefly sketch the contours of the anti-politics of voice.