Tortrix Moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of Grafskiy Park and agrobiostation of M. Gogol Nizhyn State University (Chernigiv region, Ukraine)

An annotated list of tortricid moths (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of the Grafsky Park and the agrobiostation of the Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University is given for the first time. In total, from 1987 to 2018, 95 species of 13 tribes were identified in the studied area: Tortricini – 6 species, Cochylini – 12 species, Cnephasiini – 7 species, Archipini – 12 species, Sparganothini – 1 species, Endotheniini – 4 species, Bactrini – 2 species, Olethreutini – 12 species, Lobesiini – 1 species, Enarmoniini – 6 species, Eucosmini – 22 species and Grapholitini – 9 species. It is about 40% of the species diversity of tortricid moths of Chernihiv region known now, and about 17% of the fauna of Ukraine. The distribution and biology of the recorded species are analized. Herein 54 species of tortricid moths are recorded for Chernihiv region for the first time, 34 species (Tortrix viridana, Aleimma loeflingiana, Acleris holmiana, A. forsskaleana, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Archips podana, A. crataegana, A. xylosteana, Choristoneura diversana, Argyrotaenia ljungiana, Ptycholoma lecheana, Pandemis corylana, P. cerasana, P. heparana, Syndemis musculana, Adoxophyes orana, Apotomis betuletana, Orthotaenia undulana, Hedya salicella, H. nubiferana, H. pruniana, H. ochroleucana, Ancylis achatana, A. mitterbacheriana, Spilonota ocellana, Gibberifera simplana, Epinotia nisella, Notocelia uddmanniana, Cydia pomonella, C. pyrivora, C. fagiglandana, C. splendana, C. amplana, Grapholita funebrana) are known as pests of deciduous trees and 4 species (Piniphila bifasciana, Gravitarmata margarotana, Rhyacionia buoliana, Cydia strobilella) are known as pests of coniferous trees.

Summerfruit tοrtriχ, Adoxophyes orana: life cycle, warning system and control

The summerfruit tortrix, Adoxophyes orana F.v.R., is a pest which has recently adapted to the intensive culture of apple and pear. The larvae develop primarily on the young leaves and shoots and occasionally feed on the surface of the fruit. Under Swiss conditions there are two flights per year though there are three in Greece with the second and third overlapping. The diapausing larvae hibernate in the third stage (L3) and begin development again in the spring. There are three periods in which the larvae are active. The methods used to sample populations for making management decisions are: visual examination of flower clusters in spring, sex pheromone traps, and visual examination of shoots and fruit in summer. A model describing the life cycle as a function of temperature allows for the determination of the best time to sample damage and to apply treatments with regard to their particular mode of action. Some classical insecticides provide control curatively but efficiency is always reduced against older larvae. The best results are obtained at egg eclosion following the first flight. The insect growth regulator (IGR), fenoxycarb, is very effective when applied in the spring against the last stage larvae (Ls) of the overwintering generation. A specific virus also gives good control in the spring against overwintering larvae. The mating disruption technique and insect growth inhibitors (ICI), which prevent the formation of chitin, are currently being studied. For all the products used to control A. orana, the timing of the application is extremely important in order to obtain the best

First records of the summerfruit tοrticid, Adoxophyes oranα F. ν .R. in Greece

In spring 1985, buds of apple and peach trees in the Naoussa area of northern Greece were severely damaged by larvae of a tortricid moth. Adults emerged in late May and early June. Later in the season, we found larvae of the same species established and feeding on leaves and green or ripe fruits of apple and peach, as well as on ripe cherries. Larvae collected in late June were reared in the laboratory on peach leaves and on an artificial diet. The adults obtained were identified as Adoxophyes orana Fischer von Rosslerstamm (Lepidoptera. Tortricidae). A. orana is a synonym of A. reticulates Huebner, A.tripsiana Eversmann, A. fasciata Walsh., or Capua or Cacoecia reticulana Huebner and most probably, is a recent introduction to Greece. The damage it causes to fruits such as apples, peaches and cherries is such that it could not have escaped the attention of fruit growers and plant protection specialists if the insect had earlier been present in the country. A. orana has been established and caused damage to fruit trees in northwest and central Europe for approximately fifty years and in southern Yugoslavia for at least the last ten years. It is probable that it spread to northern Greece from neighboring Yugoslavia. In the Naoussa area, the moths laid their eggs in batches on fruits or leaves. On peach and cherry the eggs were laid on both sides of the leaves, whereas on apple on the upper side as was observed also in other countries. In early October, the larvae abandoned their feeding sites and went next to auxiliary buds and crevices of the bark of branches to spin their hibernating webs. The adult maleof A. orana has a wingspan of 15-20 mm and the female one of 19-22 mm. The fore wings of the male are yellow ochre reddish, and have distinct rusty-red designs. There is a basal darker (brown) area, and two large darker stripes. The median one departs from the basal third of the costa and terminates, widening or divided in two branches, at the tornus. The other stripe is preapical and may take the form of a triangular spot of which sometimes only the borders are visible. The fore wings of the female are normally darker than those of the male, often blackish-brown, and have darker and dimmer stripes and other markings. The hind wings are light grey in the male and grey-brown in the female. The ground colour in the specimens of northwestern Europe is varying from light brown to dark brown. The fully grown larva is 18-20 mm long, green, with a light brown head. It somewhat resembles the larva of another tortricid, Archipsrosanus L. which is a monovoltine polyphagous species common in Greek orchards in spring. A. orana is polyvoltine and feeds on buds, leaves and fruits of a great number of cultivated and wild plants. Among its reported many hosts are species of Betula, Crataegus, Cydonia, Gossypium, Ligustrum, Lonicera, Malus, Medicago, Pyrus, Populus, Pistacia, Parrotia, Proms,Quercus, Ribes, Rubus, Rosa, Salix, Solanum, Syringa, Tilia, Ulmus, Vaccinium and the grapevine Vitis vinifera.