Synergetic Effect of Different Carrier Dynamics in Pm6:Y6:ITIC-M Ternary Cascade Energy Level System

Although reported ternary polymer solar cells have higher power conversion efficiency than binary polymers, the mechanism of exciton separation and charge transport in this complex ternary system is still unclear. Herein, based on PM6:Y6:ITIC-M ternary solar cells, we combine the technique of luminescence spectroscopy, including electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) with photovoltaic measurements, to understand clearly the detailed roles of ITIC-M as the third component in the contribution of device performance. The results show that ITIC-M can form the alloy-like composite with Y6 but leave individual Y6 acceptor to conduct charge transfer with PM6 donor, which improves Voc but decreases Jsc because of poor charge transfer capacity of ITIC-M. Meanwhile, the energy transfer from PM6 to ITIC-M exists in the active layers; small IE suppresses exciton dissociation. Deteriorating performance of solar cells demonstrates that, except for complementary absorption spectrum and suitable energy levels in PM6:Y6:ITIC-M system, the synergetic effects of carrier dynamics among different organic materials play an important role in influencing the performance of ternary solar cells.