Oncological Outcomes of Transoral Laryngeal Microsurgery with Fiber-Optic Diode Laser for Early Glottic Cancer: A Single-Center Experience

<b><i>Backgroud/Objectives:</i></b> Transoral laser laryngeal microsurgery (_LTLM) has been widely used in the treatment of early-stage glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) for the past few decades. Although T stage, tumor grade, anterior commissure involvement, type of cordectomy, positive surgical margin, and postoperative additional therapies were accused as the prognostic factors for recurrence, there is still controversy about these data in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oncological results of our patients with early glottic LSCC treated with _LTLM as a single-modality therapy in a single-center study. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with early-stage (T_is-1–2/N₀) glottic LSCC who underwent _LTLM as a primary treatment from 2011 to 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological factors and oncologic outcomes were analyzed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred and sixty-one patients were enrolled in this study. The 5-year overall (OS), disease-specific (DSS), disease-free (DFS), and laryngectomy-free survival rates were 84.5%, 97.9%, 79.2%, and 93.5%, respectively. The most common stage, histopathological type, and type of endoscopic cordectomy were T₁ stage, well-differentiated cancer, and type 2 cordectomy, respectively. A positive surgical margin was defined in 20 (12.4%) patients. There was a significant relationship between histopathological grade and positive surgical margins (<i>p</i> = 0.038). OS and DSS rates of “wait and see” modality were lower, while DFS of radiotherapy was lower than that of other treatment modalities in patients with positive surgical margins, but the differences were not statistically significant. Nineteen (11.8%) patients had a recurrence. DSS was statistically significantly lower in patients with recurrence (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results of our study showed that anterior commissure involvement, surgical margin positivity, and higher T stage statistically did not reduce survival rates in early-stage LSCC patients treated with _LTLM. As the histopathological grade of the tumor worsens, the risk of surgical margin positivity increases. RT may have a negative effect on recurrence and organ preservation in the additional treatment of patient with positive surgical margins.

Đánh giá một số đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng bệnh nhân ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng

Đặt vấn đề: Ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng là một trong những ung thư thường gặp nhất của hệ đầu mặt cổ và là một trong tám loại ung thư phổ biến nhất theo Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới, tỷ lệ mắc bệnh sẽ tăng lên trong tương lai. Mặc dù các phương tiện chẩn đoán và điều trị đã phát triển nhưng tiên lượng bệnh vẫn còn kém, nguyên nhân chủ yếu là do sự di căn hạch vùng. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả tiến cứu, cắt ngang trên 32 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng được điều trị tại khoa Răng Hàm Mặt Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 7/2015 đến tháng 7/2016. Kết quả: Độ tuổi hay gặp là 51 - 60 tuổi, tỷ lệ nam/nữ là 1,9/1, khối u hay gặp ở lưỡi (40,6%) và sàn miệng (34,4%), đa số khối u không xâm lấn tổ chức lân cận và có đường kính lớn hơn 2 cm (> 80%). Tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng là 43,8% và có mối tương quan thuận giữa tỷ lệ di căn hạch với kích thước u (p < 0,05). Loại mô bệnh học chủ yếu là ung thư biểu mô tế bào vảy. Sự khác nhau về tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng ở những nhóm bệnh nhân có độ mô học khác nhau không có ý nghĩa thống kê (p > 0,05). Kết luận: Kích thước u càng lớn thì tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng càng cao. Không có mối liên quan giữa tỷ lệ di căn hạch vùng với độ mô học của ung thư biểu mô khoang miệng. ABSTRACT EVALUATION OF CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH CARCINOMA OF ORAL CAVITY HISTOPATOLOGY FEATURE OF ORAL CAVITY CARCINOMA Background: Oral carcinoma is one of the most common cancers of the head and neck region. It is one of the eight most common cancers according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of which will increase in the future. Although the means of diagnosis and treatment have developed, the prognosis is still poor, mainly due to regional lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: From July 2015 to July 2016, 32 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity at Hue Central Hospital Results: The most common age group is from 51 to 60 years old and the male/female ratio is 1.9/1. Tumor places are usually observed around the the tongue (40.6%) and oral floor (34.4%). Most of the tumor size is larger than 2 cm diameters (> 80%). The regional lymph node metastasis rate is 43,8% and there is a positive correlation between lymph node metastasis and tumor sizea (p < 0,05). Squamous - cell carcinoma is mainly type of histopathology. Difference between the rate of lymph node metastasis in patient groups with different histopathological grade shows no statistical significance (p > 0,05). Conclusion: The greater tumor becomes, the higher regional lymph node metastasis rate increase. There is no relationship between lymph node metastasis rate and histopathological grade of oral carcinoma. Keywords: Carcinoma of oral cavity, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histopathology.

The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and its association with histopathological grade, stage of disease, and occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer

INTRODUCTION: Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) plays a role in tumor escape and progression by inactivating T lymphocytes. The aim of the study reported here was to determine the relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, stage of disease, and the occurrence of metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS: The observational cross-sectional study involved analyzing the expression of PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: PD-LI was expressed in 43 of 60 patients with breast cancer (71.6%), mostly with a moderate histopathological grade (58.3%) and at an advanced stage (50%). Associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade (p = 0.011), stage of disease (p = 0.009), and the occurrence of metastasis (p = 0.01) were significant, with an odds ratio of 5. CONCLUSION: The associations between the expression of PD-L1 and histopathological grade, disease stage, and occurrence of metastasis were all significant in cases of breast cancer in the sample. Those findings suggest that the expression of PD-L1 increases the progression of breast cancer.

A study on correlation of histopathological grade with hormone receptor and HER2/neu status in invasive breast carcinoma at a tertiary care centre of Barak valley

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy occurring in females worldwide while in India it is the 2nd most common malignancy occurring after cervical cancer in females. The treatment modalities and prognosis of breast carcinoma depend largely on their hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) status. The aim of this study was to correlate the receptor status in invasive breast carcinoma with histopathological grading of the tumor.Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out in the department of pathology, Silchar medical college and hospital, Cachar from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 69 cases were considered for the study, selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Histomorphology grading in invasive ductal breast carcinomas was done along with the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu.Results: The present study comprised of total of 69 infiltrating breast carcinoma cases. Out of all 51% cases were found to be in 4th decade of life. The most common type found in the study was invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) seen in 86.96% cases. Maximum 41.67% of cases were histologically classified as grade III. A positive correlation was found between histological grading and immunohistochemistry of hormone receptors (ER, PR) and HER2/neu status.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between histopathological grade and hormone receptors status and HER2/neu.The estrogen receptor and progestrone receptor were found negative in high grade disease on histological evaluation. Triple negative breast carcinomas have poorer prognosis as they tend to be of high grade.

FGFR1 copy number in breast cancer: associations with proliferation, histopathological grade and molecular subtypes

AimsFGFR1 is located on 8p11.23 and regulates cell proliferation and survival. Increased copy number of FGFR1 is found in several cancers including cancer of the breast. ZNF703 is located close to FGFR1 at 8p11-12 and is frequently expressed in the luminal B subtype of breast cancer. Using tissue samples from a well-described cohort of patients with breast cancer with long-term follow-up, we studied associations between FGFR1 copy number in primary breast cancer tumours and axillary lymph node metastases, and proliferation status, molecular subtype and prognosis. Furthermore, we studied associations between copy number increase of FGFR1 and copy number of ZNF703.MethodsWe used fluorescence in situ hybridisation for FGFR1 and the chromosome 8 centromere applied to tissue microarray sections from a series of 534 breast cancer cases.ResultsWe found increased copy number (≥4) of FGFR1 in 74 (13.9%) of tumours. Only 6 of the 74 cases with increased copy number were non-luminal. Increased FGFR1 copy number was significantly associated with high Ki-67 status, high mitotic count and high histopathological grade, but not with prognosis. Forty-two (7.9%) cases had mean copy number ≥6. Thirty of these showed ZNF708 copy number ≥6.ConclusionsOur results show that FGFR1 copy number increase is largely found among luminal subtypes of breast cancer, particularly luminal B (HER2−). It is frequently accompanied by increased copy number of ZNF703. FGFR1 copy number increase is associated with high histopathological grade and high proliferation. However, we did not discover an association with prognosis.