State of the art in the industrial production and application of zeolite-containing adsorbents and catalysts in Russia

The review considers methods for the production of powdered zeolites, which are now manufactured on industrial scale, and granulated zeolite-containing adsorbents and catalysts obtained on their basis; information on the manufacturers of such materials in Russia is provided. Their application in the adsorption dehydration, refinement and separation of gas and liquid media as well as in the catalytic processing of hydrocarbon feedstock in Russia and worldwide is briefly considered.

Hydraulic facing as a method to increase oil recovery

The article discusses such topical issues as the growing demand for hydrocarbon feedstock and enhanced oil recovery, such a method of EOR as hydraulic fracturing. In addition, the promising S-BTF technology (better than fracking) is included, which uses mechanisms that are fundamentally new for the oil industry and offers an alternative to hydraulic fracturing.

SELECTION OF THE METHOD OF USING THE SPENT CRACKING CATALYST

The paper considers the characteristics of a spent catalyst for the cracking of hydrocarbon feedstock. Spent catalyst formation is one of the problems for refineries. It also discusses the application of life cycle assessment to determine the environmental performance of various options for the management of spent cracking catalyst. Based on the considered use cases, providing for obtaining useful products, the best performance with the least damage to the environment is possessed by the complex processing of the spent catalyst.

Unsteady-State Mathematical Modeling of Hydrocarbon Feedstock Pyrolysis

Hydrocarbon feedstock pyrolysis is an important method for obtaining monomers that are then used to produce various polymer materials. During this process, a mixture of hydrocarbons is heated at a high temperature and in the absence of oxygen. Because of the side reactions of polymerization and polycondensation, coke products are formed and settle on the inner walls of the coil. This decreases the technical efficiency of the hydrocarbon pyrolysis furnace during its operation, making the process unsteady. In the present research, we developed an unsteady-state mathematical model of hydrocarbon feedstock pyrolysis in order to improve the monitoring, forecasting, and optimization of this technological process. This model can calculate the rate of coke deposition along the length of the coil, considering the technological parameters and the composition of the supplied raw materials (the calculated value of coke deposition rate equals 0.01 mm/day). It was shown that with an increase in the propane/butane ratio from 4/1 to 1/4 mol/mol, the ethylene concentration decreases from 3.45 mol/L to 3.35 mol/L.

Iron Catalyzed Synthesis and Chemical Recycling of Telechelic, 1,3-Enchained Oligocyclobutanes

Closed-loop recycling offers the opportunity to help mitigate plastic waste through reversible polymer construction and deconstruction. While examples of the chemical recycling polymers are known, few have been applied to materials derived from abundant commodity olefinic monomers that are the building blocks of ubiquitous plastic resins. Here we describe a [2+2] cycloaddition oligomerization of 1,3-butadiene to yield a previously unrealized telechelic microstructure of (1,n’-divinyl)oligocyclobutane. This material is thermally stable, has stereoregular segments arising from chain-end control, and exhibits high crystallinity even at low molecular weight. Exposure of the oligocyclobutane to vacuum in the presence of the pyridine(diimine) iron precatalyst used to synthesize it resulted in deoligomerization to generate pristine butadiene, demonstrating a rare example of closed-loop chemical recycling of an oligomeric material derived from a commodity hydrocarbon feedstock.

Iron Catalyzed Synthesis and Chemical Recycling of Telechelic, 1,3-Enchained Oligocyclobutanes

Closed-loop recycling offers the opportunity to help mitigate plastic waste through reversible polymer construction and deconstruction. While examples of the chemical recycling polymers are known, few have been applied to materials derived from abundant commodity olefinic monomers that are the building blocks of ubiquitous plastic resins. Here we describe a [2+2] cycloaddition oligomerization of 1,3-butadiene to yield a previously unrealized telechelic microstructure of (1,n’-divinyl)oligocyclobutane. This material is thermally stable, has stereoregular segments arising from chain-end control, and exhibits high crystallinity even at low molecular weight. Exposure of the oligocyclobutane to vacuum in the presence of the pyridine(diimine) iron precatalyst used to synthesize it resulted in deoligomerization to generate pristine butadiene, demonstrating a rare example of closed-loop chemical recycling of an oligomeric material derived from a commodity hydrocarbon feedstock.