A Local Extended Algorithm Combined with Degree and Clustering Coefficient to Optimize Overlapping Community Detection

Community structure is one of the most important characteristics of complex networks, which has important applications in sociology, biology, and computer science. The community detection method based on local expansion is one of the most adaptable overlapping community detection algorithms. However, due to the lack of effective seed selection and community optimization methods, the algorithm often gets community results with lower accuracy. In order to solve these problems, we propose a seed selection algorithm of fusion degree and clustering coefficient. The method calculates the weight value corresponding to degree and clustering coefficient by entropy weight method and then calculates the weight factor of nodes as the seed node selection order. Based on the seed selection algorithm, we design a local expansion strategy, which uses the strategy of optimizing adaptive function to expand the community. Finally, community merging and isolated node adjustment strategies are adopted to obtain the final community. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better community partitioning results than other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Detect Overlapping Community Based on the Combination of Local Expansion and Label Propagation

It is a common phenomenon in real life that individuals have diverse member relationships in different social clusters, which is called overlap in the science of network. Detecting overlapping components of the community structure in a network has extensive value in real-life applications. The mainstream algorithms for community detection generally focus on optimization of a global or local static metric. These algorithms are often not good when the community characteristics are diverse. In addition, there is a lot of randomness in the process of the algorithm. We proposed a algorithm combining local expansion and label propagation. In the stage of local expansion, the seed is determined by the node pair with the largest closeness, and the rule of expansion also depends on closeness. Local expansion is just to obtain the center of expected communities instead of final communities, and these immature communities leave only dense regions after pruning according to certain rules. Taking the dense regions as the source makes the label propagation reach stability rapidly in the early propagation so that the final communities are detected more accurately. The experiments in synthetic and real-world networks proved that our algorithm is more effective not only on the whole, but also at the level of the node. In addition, it is stable in the face of different network structures and can maintain high accuracy.

Tracking the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in coastal Kenya

Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is important for understanding both the evolution and the patterns of local and global transmission. Here, we generated 311 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from samples collected in coastal Kenya between 17th March and 31st July 2020. We estimated multiple independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions into the region were primarily of European origin, although introductions could have come through neighbouring countries. Lineage B.1 accounted for 74% of sequenced cases. Lineages A, B and B.4 were detected in screened individuals at the Kenya-Tanzania border or returning travellers. Though multiple lineages were introduced into coastal Kenya following the initial confirmed case, none showed extensive local expansion other than lineage B.1. International points of entry were important conduits of SARS-CoV-2 importations into coastal Kenya and early public health responses prevented established transmission of some lineages. Undetected introductions through points of entry including imports from elsewhere in the country gave rise to the local epidemic at the Kenyan coast.

Legal Due to Local Distribution Towards Land Registration Rights in Ogan Komering Ulu District

The local expansion was a concrete manifestation of local autonomy. In addition, regional expansion is splitting from one region to more than one region to support community welfare. The problems discussed in this study were the consequences of the law of local expansion on the registration of land rights in Ogan Komering Ulu district and solutions to resolve land conflicts due to the expansion of the area. This study uses a normative juridical approach where the literature used is regulations and books. In conclusions, the legal consequences of the division of Ogan Komering Ulu District on the implementation of land registration indicate a change in the work area and authority for making land deeds by the Land Deed Making Officials and changes in the work area and authority in carrying out the duties and obligations of registering land at the Land Office of Ogan Komering Ulu district. To solve this conflict problem, the Ministry of Home Affairs sometimes must intervene in the dispute resolution process. Conflicts like this can hinder the wheels of government in the regions. Another solution is for the government to immediately finalize the grand design while still paying close attention to historical aspects and customs before many conflicts occur in the regions.

Globalization of the Cruise Industry: A Tale of Ships Part II - Asia Post 1994

Cruising has grown over 7% a year since 1980. Sustained rapid expansion in North America, followed by local expansion in Europe and Asia, has made cruising a global industry, with 365 ships and estimated sales of $37.8 US billion (CIN, 2017). This global development has been fueled by innovation and introduction of market changing resident ships appealing to the mass traveler which were quickly matched by competitors, establishment of industry and port marketing organizations, awareness of cruising as a vacation option, and availability of suitable port and berthing facilities. When these four conditions coexisted the industry experienced rapid growth. Since 1966, the cruise industry has developed from a Miami-centered industry to a global industry centered in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia/New Zealand. Given the high cost of state-of-the-art ships, their deployment is a good indication of industry’s confidence in market growth. This chapter chronicles the development of the Asian cruise industry from 1994 through 2017. Data from Cruise Industry News Annual Reports (CIN) and Berlitz Complete Guide to Cruising and Cruise Ships (Ward) are examined and conclusions are drawn.

Tracking the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in coastal Kenya

We generated 274 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from samples collected during the early phase of the Kenyan pandemic. Phylogenetic analysis identified 8 global lineages and at least 76 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Kenyan coast. The dominant B.1 lineage (European origin) accounted for 82.1% of the cases. Lineages A, B and B.4 were detected from screened individuals at the Kenya-Tanzania border or returning travellers but did not lead to established transmission. Though multiple lineages were introduced in coastal Kenya within three months following the initial confirmed case, none showed extensive local expansion other than cases characterised by lineage B.1, which accounted for 45 of the 76 introductions. We conclude that the international points of entry were important conduits of SARS-CoV-2 importations. We speculate that early public health responses prevented many introductions leading to established transmission, but nevertheless a few undetected introductions were sufficient to give rise to an established epidemic.

Tracking the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in coastal Kenya

We generated 274 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from samples collected during the early phase of the Kenyan pandemic. Phylogenetic analysis identified 8 global lineages and at least 76 independent SARS-CoV-2 introductions into Kenyan coast. The dominant B.1 lineage (European origin) accounted for 82.1% of the cases. Lineages A, B and B.4 were detected from screened individuals at the Kenya-Tanzania border or returning travellers but did not lead to established transmission. Though multiple lineages were introduced in coastal Kenya within three months following the initial confirmed case, none showed extensive local expansion other than cases characterised by lineage B.1, which accounted for 45 of the 76 introductions. We conclude that the international points of entry were important conduits of SARS-CoV-2 importations. We speculate that early public health responses prevented many introductions leading to established transmission, but nevertheless a few undetected introductions were sufficient to give rise to an established epidemic.